DAIKYING INTERESTS. 177 



to the needs of dairy stock, the results of which are seen 

 every winter. Shelter for stock such shelter as prevents 

 their being pestered with insects or exhausted by heat in 

 summer, or perished with cold during wet and raw cold 

 weather is as necessary here as in other lands where the 

 temperature range from heat to cold is even less than the 

 range in Australia. Cold tells upon the condition of stock 

 in Australia with terrible effect. When scarcity of feed 

 is added, the effect is destructive ; and that is the case with 

 too much of our dairying during the long winter months 

 from May to September. Shelter and regular feeding 

 from cultivated grasses and crops are necessities for the 

 advancement of dairying. 



DAIRY CATTLE. The breeds are well represented. 

 They include : 



The Illawarra Strain. Placed first by right of 

 qualities for milk giving, hardiness, and general capacity, 

 when they are really well bred. They are the offspring of 

 the Shorthorns, Ayrshires, and Holsteins, sometimes named 

 " Shipleys," first brought into the country, and good types 

 of which have been introduced ever since. There have 

 been careful breeders in the business all the time, and the 

 strain has formed gradually, though with no definite basis. 

 Shorthorn and Ayrshire blood is prominent in the best of 

 the type ; others are a good deal mixed. The reliable 

 cows show the following points: Long, narrow face, large 

 eyes, small horns, large muzzle, long, fine neck and 

 shoulders, large body, wide hips, long fine toil ; teats larger 

 than the Ayrshires, as a rule ; legs rather long, but not out 

 of proportion to the size of the animal ; general colors, reds 

 and roans. The requirements to keep up such a race are 

 got in the grand constitution and milking qualities of the 

 milking strain of the Shorthorns and the Ayrshires. 

 Mixtures of Jersey and other Channel Island cattle have 

 been tried, but tend to make the stock lighter and delicate. 

 The Illawarra is essentially a business dairy cow ; l>eef 

 making is not in her line, nor. indeed, in any really high- 

 class milking strain. Ayrshire bulls, with South Coast 

 cattle, produce grades of beautiful animals that are a 

 feature in so many of our dairy herds. 



