180 AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE. 



Points of the Dairy Cow. Of the indications of a 

 good milker, of any of the breeds, the following is 

 expressive: 



She's long in her face, she's fine in her horn, 

 She'll quickly make milk with grass or with corn ; 

 She's full in her jaws and full in her chine, 

 She's heavy in flank and wide in her loin. 



She's broad in her ribs and long in her rump ; 

 A straight and flat back, with no signs of a hump 

 She's wide in her hips and calm in her eyes, 

 She's fine in her shoulders and thin in her thighs. 



She's light in her neck and thin in her tail, 

 She's wide in her breast and good at the pail, 

 She's fine in her bone and silky of skin, 

 She's a beauty without, a milk maker within. 



Milk Yielding Largely in the Breed. The foregoing 

 are the well-established breeds. There are risks in going to 

 others for " improvements in breeding." Long horns on a 

 heavy head, coarse hair, large bones, and small teats, are to 

 be avoided in choosing cows for dairying. A long udder 

 lengthwise of the body is best ; and it should be quite elastic 

 to the touch ; that qualit}' means capacity to make milk. 

 A soft skin, mossy, silky hair are safe recommendations. 

 They are evidences of healthfulness and thrift. A cow 

 should have broad loins with long rump ; a rather long, 

 lean neck, with clean-cut face and prominent eyes These 

 points indicate enduring power to stand the strain of a 

 long milking season. But, even then, uncomfortable 

 conditions of keeping, as to feed and shelter, will 

 neutralise and ultimately destroy even these equipments. 

 Milk-giving cows are very feminine, and the sex, as a rule, 

 require care and attention all the time. 



Milk-giving Indications. Different breeds exhibit 

 different characteristic shapes of both udders and teats. 

 This is natural ; udders vary in form as much as the 

 cows themselves. A cow's udder, when the animal is 

 sound, has four perfect teats, and in cases she may 

 also have one to three rudimentary or very small teats. 

 The four should give milk. Each communicates with a gland 

 in which the milk is secreted out of the blood. This gland, in 



