DAIRYING INTERESTS. 183 



individual animals in all breeds that excel in some 

 essentials, as there are others that fail almost as regularly. 

 Yet, generally, there are breeds that as a class can be 

 depended upon to convert their excess of food, the amount 

 over and above what is necessary to sustain animal life, 

 into milk and cream, and this characteristic is in the breed 

 to an extent that it can be depended upon to transmit this 

 quality from parent to offspring. 



Proportions of Butter in Milk. From the tests made, 

 the following afford some guidance. A cow which gave 

 441bs. 9oz. of milk yielded lib. lO^oz. butter; another 

 gave 311bs. 14oz. of milk, and lib. 5|oz. of butter; a 

 third 46lbs. I5oz. milk, and lib. 3.\oz. butter. These 

 were heavy cattle, mostly of the Shorthorn type. For 

 cows under lOOOlbs. live weight, a Jersey gave 291b. 7oz. 

 milk, which yielded 21bs. 4|oz. butter ; the second, 401bs. 

 12oz. milk, and 21bs. 3^oz. butter; the third, 381bs. lloz. 

 milk, and 21b. 3oz. butter the third yielding the largest 

 quantity of butter in proportion to her live weight. The 

 weight of this good little cow was 8341bs., or about 7.^cwt. 



How Much Feed. The experience is that a real 

 dairy cow can make good use of from two to two and a 

 half per cent, of her own weight as food, or say, twenty to 

 thirty-five pounds of solid feed daily, and all the clean water 

 she can drink, for an animal weighing a thousand pounds. 

 While this may be approximately correct, we should 

 remember that the richer and more concentrated the feed, 

 tho fewer pounds will be required, always provided there is 

 coarser feed with it to ensure digestion. Tims, five pounds 

 of pollard, or maize meal, or wheat bran may be equal to 

 twenty pounds of bush hay ; but where both are given, the 

 value of each is increased. And while lOlbs. of oaten hay 

 may be a full feed or ration for a small animal, it does not 

 follow that 2011)8.. of poorer hay that would show by 

 analysis to be half as rich would, in practice, be of equal 

 milk making value to that same cow. There is a limit to 

 the ability of the animal to chew and digest both bulky and 

 concentrated stuff ; very concentrated feed may be too 

 rich for tho digestion of the cow. Portions of each 

 mixed feeds are best. This is tho case, frequently, with 



