The Descent of Man. 175 



of valves, and there are none. But in man, who stands erect, and 

 does need them, there are none either, illscwhcre in the human 

 body we find them where they ou^lit not to bo, and fail to find them 

 where they ought to be. These imperfections of structure are the 

 fertile causes of diseases in man. On the ground of intelligent 

 design and manufacture, these things are not explainable; l)ut on 

 the ground of evolution, their significance is clear. 



Captain O. F. Buuton : — 



Some forty years ago, I was on the coast of Australia, and I saw 

 the natives of that country. I saw monkeys also. I observed 

 little resemblance between them. Will Professor Cope state when 

 the change from monkey to man began ? Tliis Darwinian theory 

 of tlie origin of the human race seems to me lower than the Mosaic 

 theory. It is more unreasonable than the Christian miracle of the 

 Immaculate Conception. 



Pkofp;ssor Cope : — 



In our theories we must leave room for and expect additions to 

 our present knowledge. Hundreds of species of apes have existed, 

 but knowledge of them is not yet complete enough to enable us to 

 determine from what variety man is descended. Fragments of 

 skeletons have recently been found in India which may throw light 

 on the subject. Men not familiar with comparative anatomy cannot 

 readily understand the resemblances between man and the lower 

 animals; they think that because a gorilla, for instance, is hideous 

 in external appearance, he cannot resemble man. These resem- 

 blances consist largely in similarities in osseous structure, the 

 number of teeth, etc. The resemblances between man and the 

 ape are found in vai-ying degree in the different races, each with 

 some peculiarity more marked than with others. On the whole, 

 the Bushman pi-esents the gx-eatest number of similarities to the 

 ape. To one having a knowledge of comparative anatomy, and 

 comprehending the facts bearing upon this question, there can be 

 no doubt whatever that man has been evolved from a lower animal 

 form. The e\ddence is all one way, and is conclusive. 



