A TTITUDES. 



465 



ANTERIOR MEMBER — Continued. 



Member viewed in Front. 



Regular Axes. 



iKREGULAR AXES. 



If the member, as a whole, 

 is situated outside of this 

 line, or if the interval be- 

 tween the lu)()fs is too great, 

 the horse is loo open. 



A vertical line drawn 

 from the point of the 

 shouliler should divide 

 equally the knee, the 

 canon, and the foot, 

 and leave between the • 

 two feet an interval 

 equal to the width of 

 the hoof, taken from 

 one quarter to the 

 other. 



Disadvantages. 



f Stabilitv of equilibrium ; slow and 

 ungraceful gait; rocking; standing 

 upon internal quarter. Sometimes, in- 



, dicative of the volume of the muscles 

 and of the width of the thorax; at 



I other times, indicative of opposite 



[ characters. 



f Strain upon the e-xternal ligaments 

 If the knee be deviated of the knee; surcharging of the inter- 

 outward the horse is said to •! nal part; inward deviation of the 

 h^ bow-legged. h(jof; ungraceful, slow gait, and inse- 



I, cure foothold. 



f Chest often narrow ; elbows close to 

 TO .. I, ^1, . ., .,!.,.,« .!,« I body; sUxnding upon internal quarter; 

 If It be the toe alone, the [ ^^J'^,,^ ungraceful gait. The horse 

 nh.Prt ,s rrnnkpd-lenaed. , g^^nj^i^.^ and interferes with the heel 



of the shoe. 



subject is crooked-legged. 



Conversely : 



When the member, as a 

 whole, is situated inside of 

 the vertical line, or when 

 the interval between the two 

 hoofs is too small, the horse 

 is dose or narrow. 



If it is the region of the 

 knee alone, the latter is 

 called an ox's knee. 



Finally, if it is that of the 

 toe, the iiorse becomes cross- 

 fooled, parrol-loed. 



Diminution of the base of support; 

 instability of the equilibrium ; predis- 

 position to calking. Frequent indica- 

 tions of a want of endurance, defective 

 development of the breast, narrowness 

 of the chest, and feeble volume of the 

 muscles. 



Loss of firmness of the step and of 

 speed; strain on the internal ligaments 

 of the knee; overburdening and wear 

 of the external parts; outward devia- 

 tion of the foot; ungraceful gaits. 



f Standing upon the external quarter; 

 elbows separated ; overljurdening of 

 the phalanges and the external side 



, of the articulations; ungraceful move- 

 ments of the canon; .slow gaits; the 



I horse stumbles and interferes with the 



[ internal mamma. 



POSTERIOR MEMBER. 



Member viewed in Profile. 



A vertical line inter- 

 secting the middle of 

 the leg should pass, 

 above, through the 

 coxo-femoral articula- 

 tion, cross, below, the 

 middle of the hoof, 

 and remain equidis- 

 tant from the vertical 

 lines drawn from the 

 stifle and the angle of 

 the buttock, the latter 

 being tangent to the 

 point of the hock and 

 to the fetlock. 



If the member, as a whole, 

 is placed in advance of this 

 line, the horse is under him- 

 self. 



Shortening of the base of support ; 

 crooked hocks; predisposition to slip- 

 ping forward ; fatigue of the extensor 

 muscles, the ligaments, and the ten- 

 dons; surcharging of the posterior 

 members; slow gaits; premature blem- 

 ishes of the hocks and of the fetlocks ; 

 forging. 



If, on the contrary, it is 

 placed behind this line, the 

 animal is camped. 



If only the parts below the 

 fetlock are deviated, so as to 

 carrv the middle of the foot 

 in advance of this line, the 

 horse is long- or low-jointed. 



If, in the same conditions, " 

 the middle of the hoof is 

 placed behind this line, the 

 horse is short- or straight- 

 l jointed. 



30 



f Lengthening of the base of support ; 

 I tendency to slip backward ; sur- 

 .; charging of the fore-limbs; strain on 

 I the bacic and loins; sway-back; feeble 

 [ impulsion ; slow gaits. 



Same evil consequences as in the an- 

 terior member ; predisposition to wind- 

 galls. 



Same, but less serious, consequences 

 as in the anterior member. 



