PART III. 



IRREGULARITIES OF THE DENTAL APPARATUS. 



The irregularities of the dental apparatus are numerous and inter- 

 esting. When they exist, the horse is said to be falsely marked, or to 

 have a fahe mouth. While many of them are without importance, 

 there are others which should be taken into serious consideration, as 

 much in their physiological relations as in the determination of the age. 

 We will enumerate the more remarkable in the following synoptical 

 table : 



Irregularities. 



1st. In number 



{ 



Augmentation. 

 Diminution. 



2d. In the form of the incisors. 



3d. Through the uniting of two incisors. 



4th. In the form of the central enamel .... 



5th. In the depth of the infundibulum and its 

 cavity 



6th. Through defective length or excessive 

 width of one of the jaws 



7th. Through excess or lack of wear. 

 8th. Effects of wear from cribbing. 



9th. Through the use of fraudulent means . . 



Fissure. 

 Duplication. 

 B6guit6. 

 False b6guit6. 

 Prognathism. 

 Brachygnathism. 

 Excess of width of the su- 

 l. perior incisive arcade. 



Extraction of the milk in- 

 cisors. 

 Bishoping. 

 i. Rasping of the corners. 



We will study the irregularities of the dental system in the order 

 given in this table. 



I. Irregularities in the Number. 



a. Augmentation. 



Incisors. — The most extraordinary example of this anomaly is that which 

 has been reported for the first time by Lafosse.' " There are some horses," says 

 he, " which have a double row of incisors. This condition cannot exist without 

 obstructing the other teeth, disturbing their support in the socket, and altering 

 the germ of the tooth." 



1 Lafosse, Cours d'hippiatrique ou Traits complet de la m6decine des chevaux, Paris, in-folio, 

 1772, p. 32. 



46 721 



