VICES PROPERLY SO CALLED. 879 



from the hospital yard of the school of Alfort, and with his teeth and 

 feet attacked a bay horse harnessed to the wagon of a grocer who 

 supplied the establishment. It was with great difficulty that the two 

 animals were separated ; the aggressor had seriously wounded the other 

 horse and almost demolished one of the shafts/ 



We have known horses which had the greatest horror for hogs ; 

 their ears directed forward, the expression of their face, their snorts of 

 alarm, their efforts to run away, everything, in short, showed the fear 

 which they felt.^ 



Wild animals, by the peculiar odor which they exhale, seem to 

 provoke identical manifestations. We saw, a few years ago, a good 

 horse harnessed to an upholsterer's wagon stop suddenly, jump to one 

 side, and snort loudly in the presence of three very peaceable bears 

 which some gypsies led by a rope, and which did not in any way 

 obstruct the road. But facts of this kind are not rare ; all those who 

 have travelled in countries where the wolf still exists have seen similar 

 occurrences. 



11th. Runaway Horses. — A horse is said to run away when he 

 suddenly rushes forward blhidly, impetuously, madly, going straight 

 ahead, heeding nothing but the irresistible stimulus which impels him, 

 and losing even the instinct of self-preservation. Vulgarly it is erro- 

 neously said that he takes the bit between his teeth, that he is seized with 

 a short Jit of insanity. In horse language, the same thing is expressed 

 by saying that the animal puUs, or again, the runaway horse is called 

 a lugger.^ Generally, this vice is more common in ardent, very sensi- 

 tive, and irritable horses, and in those which have bad eyesight. It 

 also appears to us more frequent in warm countries and during the hot 

 seasons, judging, at least, from the reports in the press. But the usual 

 causes are fear and pain. Any sudden noise inspiring terror, such as 

 the report of a gun, an explosion, a clap of thunder, the beating of 

 drums, the whistling of locomotives, an unusual resonance of the 

 ground, passing over a bridge or under an arch, the arrival of^a train, 

 the barking and attack of a dog, the sudden appearance of white bodies 

 in motion, such as clothes flapping on a clothes-line, the sight of a 



1 See, also, S6on Rochas, Hygiene v6t$rinaire militaire, p. 505, Paris, 1844. 



2 One of the authors has observed in a parrot the same aversion for hogs. When it saw one 

 of these animals, it was seized with terror, gave utterance to piercing screams, and would some- 

 times tumble from its perch. 



s See, for further details, Arm. Goubaux, De I'emportement chez les chevaux et des moyens 

 de Ic r^primer, in Moniteur des h6pitaux du 31 Octobre, 1855, and Argus des haras et des remontes, 

 ann6e 1856, pp. 441 et 496. 



