APPLE 



Its outer win^s are marked with 

 gray and hrown lines arianircd in del- 

 icate waves, Willi one lar},'e brown 

 spot on each, surrounded with a yel- 

 hnv martrin ; the head and thorax are 

 hrownish-^ray, striped ; the under 

 wings and al)domen are of a satin 

 oranjre cvdonr. They deposito an 

 egg on several young fruit, and pre- 

 fer early varieties. A worm is pro- 

 duced in 4 days, which enters the ap- 

 ple, eating towards the core, and 

 finally through the fruit. In three 

 weeks or more the caterpillar (a) es- 



capes, but before this the apple usu- 

 ally falls to the ground, and it seeks 

 a shelter among the rough bark of 

 the tree or other suitable place to 

 spin a cocoon (c). The chrysalis, or 

 grub ((/), is of a mahogany colour ; it 

 remains concealed until the next 

 spring before leaving its nest as a 

 moth. It is stated by European wri- 

 ters that there is another moth, w hich 

 produces two generations annually, 

 in the spring and fall. 



Smoking the trees during the ap- 

 pearance of the moth with tobacco, 



pitch, and other pungent vapours, is 

 used with some success. The col- 

 lection of fallen fruit once or twi.ce a 

 day secures the worm, which may 

 be destroyed ; but they instinctively 

 leave the apple soon after its fall. 

 Rags, or straw bands tied around the 

 stem, serve as a decoy to the cater- 

 pillar to form his cocoon umler their 

 shelter. The figures from KuUar rep- 

 resent this troublesome insect, which 

 infests pears and other fruits like- 

 wise : it is the codling moth of Euro- 

 pean writers. 



■The caterpillars which exist in 

 such large quantities in webs at the 

 iunction of the branches, and devour 

 the spring foliage of apples and most 

 trees, are the larvaj of the Clissio- 

 campa yieuslria, Americana, and other 

 species ; they are readdy destroyed 

 by either collecting the nests and 

 burning them, or by applying a sponge 

 dipped in strong hartshorn, a solution 

 of sulphuret of lime, or any other 

 powerful poison. They are called 

 lackey or tent caterpillars by Euro- 

 pean writers. 



The Cankerwobm, green looper cat- 

 80 



crpillar. destructive to the buds of ap- 

 ples and other trees, is the larva of 

 the Geomclra hrtimata (or Phalccna), 

 the winter moth. The figure repre- 

 sents {a) the male, and (i) the female 



moth. The male is winged, but the 

 female crawls only ; she may be seen 

 ascentling the trunk of trees in the 

 fall to deposite her eggs in the au- 

 tumnal buds : and is of an ash-gray 

 colour. The caterpillars are at first 

 gray, but afterward light green ; tlrey 

 devour flowers, leaves, and fruit ; 

 and when they take up their abode 

 on any part, construct a small web 



