Ai'R 



AR.A 



or cell for protection. About May 

 they begin to leave the tree, descend- 

 ing liv a thread to the soil ; here they 

 bury themselves to become puppae, 

 an 1 reappear as moths from August 

 to November. The destruction of 

 the female moths is attempted by 

 fastening strips of paper smeared 

 with tar round the trunk, which ar- 

 rests their ascent. Kollar rccom- 

 memls the cimstruction of a box 

 around the lower part of the trunk, 

 covered on all sides witii a pnijeeting 

 top, to he kept smeared witii tar. The 

 caterpdlars are also fumigated with 

 tobacco, &c., smoke. Other geome- 

 ters also infest fruit trees. 



Apple-borer. The Saperda bivit- 

 latii. Say. See Borers. 



The Appf.e-weevil, Curculio {An- 

 thonomus) pomorum, is of a grayish 



. natural size. 



^ ^^ Li 



colour, deposites her eggs in the 

 flower buds in spring ; the grub is 

 small, wliite, with a black head, it be- 

 coming yellow. Tlie flowers and fruit 

 are destroyed by them. The curcu- 

 lio may be shaken from the tree in 

 spring, and destroyed by chickens. 

 Ihe trees are also subject to aphides, 

 American blight, other caterpillars, 

 &c. 



APRICOT. {Armeniaca vulgaris.) 

 The following remarks are by Mr. 

 Pell: 



" This fruit does exceedingly well 

 when budded towards the end of Ju- 

 ly, on plum stocks two years old. 

 The peach answers very well like- 

 wise When three years old, I set 

 them out in a very rich black mould. 

 I find they do much better under 

 glass than in the open air. In either 

 case they should be disbudded in the 

 month of May, and all the superflu- 

 ous shoots taken cff In November 

 they should be shortened to si.xteen 

 inches ; by so doing lue trees will be 



kept vigorous and healthy. Their 

 principal enemies are the curculius, 

 wasps, and flies, which may be kept 

 off l)y means of nets." 



The .Moorpark and Turkey are both 

 esteemed varieties, as also the fol- 

 lowing : breda, gold blotch, musk 

 Schnylers, orange, peach, and violet. 

 Lindley recommends grafting on the 

 mussel plum stock, 'i'he position o. 

 the tree ought to be sheltered and 

 late. It answers admirably in the 

 South, where it is grown as a stand- 

 ard, but in New-York it requires a 

 warm wall. 



APRIL. This is the great month 

 for ploughing and seeding crops in 

 the North ; the land should be pre- 

 pared for potatoes, beets, and root 

 crops, as well as corn. Tobacco seed 

 is sown early, and farther south the 

 young plants of cotton and sugar- 

 cane are hoed and weeded. The gar- 

 den and orchard are to be closely at- 

 tended to. 



APTERANS, APTERA. Wing- 

 less insects. 



APYREXIA. The cool or quiet 

 stage t)f intermittent fevers. 



AQUA FORTIS. Nitric acid, usu- 

 ally dilute. 



AQUA REGIA. A mixture of ni- 

 tric and muriatic acids. 



AQU.V TIC PLANTS. Such as 

 grow submerged 



AQUEOUS HU.MOUR. The fluid 

 in the anterior chamber of the eye 



ARABLE LAND, so called from 

 the Latin word arare, "to plough."' is 

 that part of the land v.bich is chiefly 

 cultivated by means of the plough. 



Land in general is divided into ara- 

 ble, grass land, wood land, common 

 pasture, and waste. 1 he first of these 

 is by far the most important in agri- 

 culture. In this article we shall brief- 

 ly explain the primuples on which are 

 founded the most improved methods 

 of cultivating arable land, by which 

 the natural produce of the soil is great- 

 ly increased, and many productions 

 are obtained in perfection which are 

 foreign to the soil and climate. 



1 . We shall consider the nature and 

 properties of various soils. 



2. Tlie best modes of preparing and 



81 



