AVE 



BAG 



be made for coUectinjx cotton. The 

 tobacco crop begins to ripen i)y the 

 end of the month. Rice is cut. 



AURELIA, ATIRELIAN. The 

 pupa or nymph of tlie higher in- 

 sects. 



AURICLE. The external ear. 

 The venous chambers of the heart. 



AURICULAR. Appertaining to 

 the ear. 



AURICULATE. When the base 

 of a leaf is lobed on each side the 

 midrib. 



AUSCULTATION. The exami- 

 nation of the sounds within the body 

 to detect diseases, &.c. 



AUTOPSY. Examination by the 

 eye. It is generally used to desig- 

 nate examinations of the body after 

 death, for the discovery of the causes 

 of disease. 



AVENA. The generic name of a 

 family of grasses, of which the A. 

 saliva, oats, and A. clatior, Andes 

 grass, are best known. Several spe- 

 cies, as the A. flavcscens and puhes- 

 cens, are found in English meadows, 

 and the latter is well worthy of cul- 

 tivation ; it is the downy oal grass of 

 agriculturists. 



AVENUE. Any broad, gravelled, 

 or properly-made road, bordered by 

 trees. A side road, or approach to 

 a house. 



AVERRUNCATOR. In arbori- 

 culture, an instrument for cutting olf 

 the branches of trees, consisting of 

 two blades fixed on the end of a rod, 

 one of which has a moveable joint, 

 which, by means of a line fixed to it, 

 operates like a pair of scissors. In 

 the improved forms of this instru- 

 ment, the point on which the moving 

 or cutting blade turns, instead of be- 

 ing confined to a circular opening, 

 works in a longitudinal one ; in con- 

 sequence of which, instead of a crush- 

 ing cut, like that produced by com- 

 mon hedge shears, a draw cut is form- 

 ed, which leaves the section from 

 which the branch or shoot has been 

 amputated as clean as that produced 

 by a pruning knife. 



AVERSE, AVERSUS. Turned 

 back. 



AVES. See Ornithology. 

 53 



AVIARY. A place to keep bird.s 

 in. Green-houses are usually se- 

 lected. 



AVOIRDUPOIS. A weight hav- 

 ing sixteen ounces to the pound, in 

 distinction to Troy weight, which has 

 only twelve. The following is a tab- 

 ular view of this weight : 



16 drams make 1 ounce. 

 16 ounces 1 pound. 



28 pounds 1 quarter. 



4 quarters 1 cwt. 



20 cwt. 1 ton. 



drs. ozs. 



16= 1= lbs 



256= 16=r 1 qrs. 

 7,168= 448= 28=1= cwt. 



28.672= 1,792= 112= 4= lion. 

 573,440=35,840=2240=80=20=1 



5760 Troy grains make 1 pound 

 Troy, and 7000 Troy grains 1 pound 

 Avoirdupois ; hence 175 pounds Troy 

 are equal to 144 pounds Avoirdupois. 



AWN. The stitT beard or bristle 

 of some grasses, arista. 



AWNING. A covering of some 

 kind of cloth, to protect plants, &.C., 

 from sun or rain. 



AXIL, AXILLA. The armpit. 

 The angle between a leaf and the 

 stem. Buds placed here are termed 

 axillary. 



AXIS, AXLE-TREE. The spindle 

 or central rod around which parts of 

 machinery, &c., revolve or are de- 

 veloped. 



AZALEA. A genus of small or- 

 namental shrubs with large, trumpet- 

 shaped flowers, of the family of the 

 honeysuckles. 



AZOREAN FENNEL. Anethiim 

 azoricum. A kind of fennel 



AZOTE. Nitrogen. 



B. 



BACCA. A berry. 



BACCIFEROUS. Bearing berries, 

 as the currant. 



BACK. The spine. The back of 

 a horse should be straight, in order 

 that it may be strong ; when it is hol- 

 low, or what is termed backed, the 

 animal is generally weak. 



BACK, SORE. A complaint which 

 is very common to young horses when 



