BUT 



BOU 



or ascertain if it agrees with a par- 

 ticular description, the first step is to 

 learn how many stamens it contains ; 

 this gives us the class. Under this 

 head, in the Flora {Eaton s, Torrcifs, 

 or any other dictionarij of plants), we 

 rind a certain number of orders ; the 

 place of the plant among these is 

 known by examining the pistils. 

 Thus we have reached the class and 

 order under which will he arranged 

 a description of all the known or com- 



mon genera ; these are to be read 

 carefully, each point of structure be- 

 ing compared with the specimen ; 

 thus the genus is known, and under 

 this the species arc found, which usu- 

 ally differ in the form of the leaf and 

 stem. 



The following general view of the 

 vegetable kingdom is an introduc- 

 tion to the natural ystem of Jus- 

 sieu, improved by Dr. Lindley and 

 others : 



PLANTS. 



According to their Fruits and Flotcers. 



I. Having flowers and sexes (Phaneroga- ) 

 mous) ..... V 



(a). Least number of seed lobes {Co- ( 

 ti/ledons) 2 . . . ) 



Class 1 . Dicotyledons (2 seed lobes always) 

 2. Gymnosperms (seeds naked) 



(i). Least number of seed lobes, 1 j 



Class 3. Monocott/hdons (Iseed lobe) 



(c). AcotyUdons 

 Class 4. Rhizanths .... 



IL Having neither flowers nor sexes . ! 



Class 5. Cryptogamic plants 



BOTRYOIDAL. From /JorpiT, a 

 bunch of grapes. In botany, any flow- 

 ers, &c., clustered together. 



BOTS. A family of two-winged 

 or dipterous insects, the larvae or 

 maggots of which infest the intes- 

 tines, wounds, &c., of domestic ani- 

 mals. The maggots are whitish and 

 conical, of half an inch or more in 

 length, and adhere with great force 

 to the maw of horses, &c. They are 

 taken into the stomach in the form 

 of eggs, which the insect lays on the 

 knees {Gastcrophilus equi) and other 

 parts of the animal, which, being bit- 

 ten off, are swallowed, and developed 

 in the body. The animal attacked 

 looses appetite, becomes restless, 

 bites his sides, coughs, becomes stiff 

 in the neck, staggers, breathes with 

 difficulty, and may die in the worst 

 stages. 



They are to be hindered by order- 

 ing the groom to remove the eggs 

 in the fall, as soon as they are laid. 

 It is also advisable, as a preventive, 

 to administer, in the spring, a quart 

 of mdk with a good dose of molasses, 

 and, shortly after, a quarter of a pound 



According to their Development. 

 Their stems (a.xis) increasing symmetrically 

 in density and breadth, as well as in length 

 (Pleurogens). 



or < Stem in concentric bauds {Exogens). 



or Veins of leaves netted. 



or Veins of leaves netted or forked. 



Stem a confused mass of cellular tissue and 



wood. 

 Veins of leaves parallel, and not netted. 

 Vegetation like mushrooms. 

 Fungoid flowers. 



The stems, or axis, increasing by simple 

 elongation, or irregular expansion, 

 r Acrogens. 



of Glauber salts, by which the hots 

 are pretty freely evacuated. 



Sheep are pestered with a hot fly 

 (Cephalemyia oris), which deposites its 

 eggs in the nostrils ; the worms 

 hence crawl into the upper parts of 

 the nose and produce great irritation. 



BOTTOM. In horsemanship, en- 

 durance. 



BOTTOM HEAT. In horticul- 

 ture, heat produced by fermenting 

 dung, leaves, bark, &c., applied under 

 beds of earth, &c., for raising or 

 forcing plants requiring a temperature 

 higher than that of the air. 



BOUND. In veterinary medicine, 

 a term applied to the bowels, to indi- 

 cate want of natural action ; to the 

 skin or hoof, to indicate tightness or 

 constriction. A tree is said to be 

 bark bound when the bark cracks 

 and is constricted. 



BOULDER. A massive rock, dis- 

 similar from the adjacent rocks in 

 mineral character, and supposed to 

 have been transported by great floods, 

 icebergs, d:c. 



BOUT. In ploughing, one course 

 of the plough. 



'=S{ 105 



