CAC 



CAF 



kraut. This is prepared in tlie Ibl- 

 lowing manner : the cabbages are 

 sliced thin by hand, or by a machine. 

 The bottom of a cask, of which the 

 head has been tal<en out, is covered 

 with salt, and a layer of thin-sliced 

 cabbage, six inches thick, is laid over 

 it ; on this a quantity of salt is spread, 

 and another layer of cabbage, mixed 

 with some juniper berries and whole 

 pepper ; and thus salt and cabbage 

 alternately until the cask is tilled. A 

 round board is then put into the cask, 

 so as nearly to fill it, and on this a 

 heavy weight of stone or metal is 

 laid. As the cabbage ferments and 

 sinks, the cask is filled up with fresh 

 salt and cabbage. After some time 

 the expressed juice is poured off, 

 some water, with salt dissolved in it, 

 is poured over, and changed until it 

 ceases to rise with a scum and fetid 

 smell ; the cabbage is then in a fit 

 state to be kept. A cloth is laid over 

 it, and over this the round board and 

 weights. When any portion is taken 

 out for use, a sufficient quantity of 

 brine is allowed to remain over the 

 mass to exclude the air, and the 

 cloth, board, and weights are replaced 

 as long as any cabbage remains. 

 This sauer kraut, when washed with 

 soft water, and stewed with bacon 

 or salted meat, is a very wholesome 

 dish, and much relished by those who 

 have been early accustomed to it. 

 In long voyages it has been found to 

 be an admirable preservative against 

 the sea-scurvy. 



CABBAGE TREES or PALMS. 

 Palm-trees which, like the palmetto, 

 form edible buds, which are used as 

 food. 



CACHECTIC. A bad state of 

 body, bringing about boils, skin dis- 



63.S6S &.C 



CACHMERE GOAT. The Cach- 

 mere goat is a native of Persia. 

 There are many varieties, differing 

 in colour and in the quality of the 

 fleece ; the principal points of the 

 most approved breeds are large ears, 

 limbs slender, and, above all, the 

 wool or hair being straight, silky, and 

 white. 



They have been successfully intro- 



duced into France by M. Terneaux, 

 and also into England by C. T. Tow- 

 er, of Essex, who purchased four, 

 two males and two females, of M. 

 Terneaux, of Paris. The soil on 

 which they were kept in England was 

 moist, and the situation much ex- 

 posed ; they have, nevertheless, con- 

 tinued in health and multiplied rapid- 

 ly, his flock increasing from four to 

 twenty-seven in six years ; the fe- 

 males producing every year a kid, 

 and sometimes twins. They breed 

 very early, often bearing young be- 

 fore they are twelve months old. 

 They show no impatience of the cold, 

 and are very healthy, requiring only 

 an occasional shelter in very rough 

 weather. In spring, summer, and 

 autumn they graze like sheep, and 

 during winter are fed with hay and 

 refuse vegetables. The shawls made 

 in England from the produce of Mr. 

 Tower's goats will, for fineness of 

 texture, vie with those brought from 

 Persia. There is no doubt that it 

 may be successfully introduced into 

 this country. Being remarkably tame, 

 they can be kept in flocks at as little 

 expense and trouble as the common 

 goat or sheep ; they eat almost every- 

 thing, even potato tops, weeds, and 

 bushes of all kinds, taking but little 

 from the pastures that other animals 

 would feed on. We hope some of 

 our enterprising farmers will turn 

 their attention to this animal by im- 

 porting it, as it can be easily obtain- 

 ed, and, no doubt, will bear the trans- 

 portation and change of climate with 

 very little risk. 



CACTUS. A tribe of fleshy plants, 

 some of which are celebrated for 

 their splendid flowers and pleasant 

 acid fruit resembling the gooseberry. 



CADUCOUS. Deciduous, falling 

 off, temporary. 



CESAREAN OPERATION. The 

 removal of a foetus from its mother 

 by cutting into the womb. 



GAFFE IN. A slightly bitter, 

 white, silky principle obtained from 

 coffee, tea, guarana, and pauUinia. 

 It is the same as thcine. Liebig finds 

 it to consist of Cg H5 N2 O-HO. 

 He has shown that it may act as food 



127 



