GAL 



GAL 



in increasing the amount of bile form- 

 ed, by furnishing nitrogen thereto. 

 To the same end asparaffinc and theo- 

 bromine, analogous principles, are 

 also destined. 



CALAMINE. A powdery mineral, 

 sold by druggists as an absorbent for 

 ulcerous sores and extensive burns. 

 It is an impure carbonate of zinc, 

 prepared by roasting. An ointment 

 made with lard is sometimes used to 

 promote the healing of sores. 



CALANDRA. The genus of wheat 

 weevils. See Wheat. 



C ALGA RATE (from cakar, a 

 spur). Flowers having a spur like 

 the larkspur are so called. The spur 

 is also called a ncclarium by Linnaeus. 



GALCAREOUS. Containing car- 

 bonate of lime, as calcareous marl, 

 soils, sand, &c. See Lime. 



CALCINATION. The burning of 

 substances to ashes. 



CALCIU^L The metallic base of 

 lime, which is an oxide of calcium. 

 Its equivalent is 20, and therefore 

 lime is 28. A few electro-negative 

 bodies, as sulphur, chlorine, fluorine, 

 form salts directly with the metal, 

 and are called sulphuret, chloride, 

 fluoride of calcium. See Lime. 



CALC SPAR. Crystallized car- 

 bonate of lime. 



CALCULUS. Any solid, stony 

 concretion formed in the bladder, 

 gall-duct, &c. 



CALEFACIENT. Medicines that 

 produce the sensation of warmth, as 

 alcohol, are so called. 



CALENDAR. A monthly record. 



CALF. The young of the cow. 

 Calves dropped in March and April 

 are best for raising. If they are to 

 be kept, they should run with the 

 cow, in a meadow, for three to six 

 weeks, and afterward be fed on but- 

 ter-milk with meal, and separated into 

 a good meadow. Those which are 

 to be slaughtered are generally re- 

 moved from the cow at once, put up 

 into a small enclosure and feeding 

 stall, and supplied with milk and 

 messes of meal until fat. The males 

 are castrated at thirty days for steers ; 

 the operation is very simple, one inci- 

 sion being made on each side the bag. 

 128 



CALF, DISEASES OF. These 

 are principally : 



1. NtLvcl III. — The best treatment 

 for this dangerous disease is, 1st, to 

 administer two or tiiree doses (each 

 about a wine-glassful) of castor oil ; 

 and, 2dly, cordials, which may be 

 made of two drachms of caraway 

 seeds, two of coriander seeds, and 

 two of powdered gentian ; bruise the 

 seeds, and simmer them in beer or 

 gruel for a quarter of an hour : give 

 these once or twice a day. 



2. Constipation of the Bowels. — For 

 this, doses of castor oil, of two or 

 three ounces, are the best remedy. 



3. Diarrhaa, or Scouring. — The 

 farmer may rely on the following mix- 

 ture. Let him keep it always by him , 

 it will do for all sucking animals : 



Prepared chalk . . 4 ounces. 

 Canella bark, powdered 1 " 

 Laudanum .... 1 " 



Water 1 pint. 



Give two or three table-spoonfuls, ac- 

 cording to the size of the animal, two 

 or three times a day. 



4. Hoose, or Catarrh. — Good nurs- 

 ing, bleeding, and then a dose of Ep- 

 som salts, with half an ounce of gin- 

 ger in it. — (Youatt on Cattle.) 



CALKERS, or CALKINS. The 

 parts of a horseshoe turned down- 

 ward. 



CALLUS. When the bone of an 

 animal is broken by accident, nature 

 restores the union by depositing a 

 quantity of bony matter around the 

 loose extremities, and thus fixing 

 them. This deposite is called a cal- 

 lus ; it is absorbed after the limb is 

 re-established. 



CALOMEL. The sub-chloride of 

 mercury. An admirable medicine, 

 producing an increased secretion of 

 bile and purgation. In bilious at- 

 tacks, a dose of ten grains is one of 

 the best medicines. It is a compo- 

 nent of many cattle medicines (see 

 Ball), in the dose of one drachm for 

 a horse. 



j CALORIC. This name is given 

 to the cause of heat, which is un- 

 known. Calurifir, capable of produ- 

 cing heat, as the calorilic rays of the 

 1 sun, which are found in the red and 



