OID 



CIN 



CICHORIUM. The generic name 

 of a numher of composite plants, of 

 which the C. intyhus is cliicory or 

 succory, and C. endira, endive. 



CIDER. The fermented juice of 

 apples. The Harrison, Newark 

 Sweeting, Hugh's Virgmia Crah, and 

 Granniwinkle are the best cider ap- 

 ples ; but any fruit serves that is 

 well flavoured and becomes sweet in 

 the pomace. The apples should be 

 ripe, mashed well in a mortar or mill, 

 and the crushed mass kept until thor- 

 oughly sweet (from two to six days) ; 

 it is then placed in a frame surround- 

 ed by straw and put under the press. 

 The juice should he put in barrels, in 

 a cool place, to ferment, and as soon 

 as the feculent matter (pulp) contain- 

 ed in it has overflown (about four 

 days), it should be racked or decant- 

 ed into a clean cask furnished with 

 a vent peg, bunged up, and placed in 

 a cool cellar. It is advisat)le to se- 

 cure the decanted cider from becom- 

 ing sour and running intii vinegar, by 

 burning a little sulphur in the new 

 cask immediately before pouring in. 

 The liquor will be fit for bottling in 

 February. Some persons add sugar 

 and spirits to the cider, but they tend 

 only to increase its into.\icating ef- 

 fects. Old cider, made without such 

 addition, contains from seven to nine 

 per cent of alcohol. 



By allowing the juice to remain in 



the first cask it speedily becomes 

 sour, and vinegar is rapidly formed as 

 long as air finds access. As soon as 

 the juice is intensely sour, bung up the 

 barrel, or the acelic acid evaporates, 

 and only a flat water is left behmd. ' 



The refuse pomace is sometimes 

 moistened with water, and pressed 

 again to form water cider. It is eat- 

 en by hogs and cows while fresh ; or, 

 if in great excess, may be carried to 

 the faim-3'ard to add to the manure 

 heap. Every part of the apparatus 

 must be kept clean by washing with 

 hot water and scrubbing. 



CJDER MILL. Several contri- 

 vances are used for the purpose of 

 crushing the apples ; a larije trunk of 

 a tree, tiollowed, serves for a small 

 family, the fruit being beaten by a 

 wooden beetle. Tiie following are 

 more etfective mills : Fig. 1 pre'sents 

 compartments for varieties of aa- 

 Fi^. 1. ^ 



pie ; the large millstone, a, is drawn 

 around in the groove and crushes ev- 

 ery particle of fruit. Fig. 2 is a mill 

 of similar construction, but more sub- 

 stantial ; b is the swinging tree. 



Another mill, figured under the ar- 

 ticle Crushers, is also used for this 

 purpose. The mill {Fig. 2) above 

 would be of great service on the farm 

 to crush corn, roots, bones, charcoal, 

 &c., as well as fruit. 



CILIA (from ciliutn, the eyelash). Mi- 



nute hairs on the margins of leaves, 

 angles of the bodies of insects, &c. 

 Cii'iiite is a derivative. 



CI.MEX. The general term for in- 

 sects resembling the bedbug 



CINEREOUS (from ctnis, ash). 

 Ash coloured. 



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