ClO 



coc 



make good hemp when rotted and I 

 broken. Two pounds of seed the 

 acre is abundantly cnouirh. 



"iMr. James Gowcn, who resides at 

 Mount Airy, near Philadelphia, has 

 been much in the practice of keep- 

 ing up a considerable slock of uncom- | 

 raonly line cattle, and soiling them in 

 summer upon lucern, rye, and red 

 clover. He has raised patches of the 

 melilotus, and from his observation 

 says, ' there is no grass or plant I 

 have yet seen that atlords to me such 

 promise as the sweet-scented or Bok- 

 hara clover.' " — {Cultivator, Novem- 1 

 bcr, 1842.) 



CLOVER, GIGxVXTIC. The 

 same as Bokhara clover. 



CLOVER, ALSIKE. Trifolmm hj- 

 Irulum. A supposed hybrid between 

 the white and common red clover. 

 It is very hardy, withstanding the 

 winters of Sweden, perennial, but 

 runs close to the ground, and is only 

 fit for pastures, especially for sheep. 

 iSumerous small species of trifolium, 

 medicago, melilotus, and other legu- 

 minous plants are known vulgarly 

 under the names of yellow, sweet, 

 &.C., clovers, but they are scarcely 

 worthy of attention to the cultiva- 

 tor. 



CLOVER, MACHINE FOR 

 GATHERING. A simple contri- 

 vance for gathering the seed heads 

 is much used, and is figured below. 

 It is of wood, but the teeth may be 

 made of wrought iron, and the wheels 

 removed w ith advantage. It is drawn 

 by one horse, and managed by a boy. 

 The hand gatherer («) is used for 

 emptying the barrow, or for collect- 

 ing pease, beans, &.c. 



CLOVES. The unexpanded blos- 

 soms of an Eastern tree, the Eugejiia 

 cnryopJu/llata. They contain an oil 

 highly aromatic, and grateful to the 

 stomach in minute quantities. It is 

 a tropical production. 

 168 



CLUPEA. The generic name of 

 the herring and shad fishes, ancho- 

 vies, sprats, &c. : most of the species 

 are migratory. 



CLUSTER. A bunch. A raceme 

 in botany. 



COAGULATION. The formation 

 of a solid body of a jelly-like charac- 

 ter. 



COAL. Numerous varieties ex- 

 ist : that of Pennsylvania and Wales 

 (Eng.) is anthracite, difficult of com- 

 bustion, producing no flame, but in- 

 tense heat : it is nearly pure carbon. 

 Bituminous coal, such as that of Vir- 

 ginia and Ohio (Liverpool coal), con- 

 tains hydrogen as well as carbon, 

 and gives off gas and flame in burn- 

 ing. Wood coal resembles charred 

 wood, and shows the marks of wood : 

 it produces much light. 



All coal is of vegetable origin, be- 

 ing, indeed, the remains of plants and 

 trees. The chief beds of it are ar- 

 ranged in a curved form ; hence the 

 term coal bustns. This variety lies 

 above the old red sandstone, and is 

 covered with sandstones and con- 

 glomerates. It is, therefore, a sec- 

 ondary formation, and, according to 

 the New-York geologists, does not 

 exist in this state. 



COAL TAR. A tary fluid of a 

 complicated nature, produced during 

 the distillation of bituminous coal for 

 gas. It is a cheap and excellent 

 paint for iron-ware, railings, <kc., 

 and has latterly been used on wood- 

 work. It preserves the timber, but 

 it is doubtful whether the colour may 

 not prove injurious by causing warp- 

 inir. 



COBBLES. Small round stones. 

 COCCINELLA. The generic 

 name of the lady-bird insects. They 

 are of great service to the farmer and 

 orchardists in destroying plant lice 

 {Aphides), on which they prey. 



COCCULUS INDICUS. A poi- 

 sonous Eastern berry used in medi- 

 cine ; it is sometimes employed, to 

 cause intoxication, in beer, or thrown 

 into fish ponds to stupify fish, which 

 I can be caught by the hand while suf- 

 i fering from its effects. The poison- 

 \ ous principle is jncroloxia. 



