DAI 



DEC 



or two of corn is taken, and the ro- 

 tation is chiefly roots, corn, and grass 

 cut tor hay until it wears out. If 

 the roots are well manured, the land 

 keeps in excellent heart. The old 

 pastures are kept for summer feed- 

 ing. Where there is no arable land 

 near a dairy farm, it deserves mature 

 consideration whether it will be ad- 

 vantageous or not to allow some of 

 the pasture to be ploughed up. It is 

 often a dangerous experiment where 

 the soil is naturally heavy. Arable 

 land laid down to grass for the pur- 

 pose of the dairy seldom produces 

 fine-flavoured butter or good cheese ; 

 but clover-hay is excellent for young 

 stock, or to fatten otf the old cows. 

 Lucern is reckoned to make cows 

 give very good milk ; nothing, how- 

 ever, can equal a rich old pasture, as 

 all dairjmen agree." 



The following estimates from Col- 

 man's Report on the Agriculture of 

 Massachusetts give the yield, expen- 

 ses, and profits of the dairy : 



'•In Tyringham, the average yield 

 of a cow is reckoned at, new milk 

 cheese 283 pounds, and butter at the 

 same time 57 pounds. A dairy of 

 twenty-eight cow^s gave 7912 pounds 

 of new milk cheese, and 1600 pounds 

 of butter. A large amount of pork 

 was fattened on this farm, but it is 

 difficult to say what portion of it is 

 to be credited to the dairy. 



" In Sheffield, the average product 

 of twenty-eight cows was 394 pounds 

 of new milk cheese, and 50 pounds 

 of butter each. 



" The product of a cow is thus sta- 

 ted by the excellent manager : 



" Cow, Cr. 

 400 lbs. new milk cheese, at 8 cts . $32 GO 

 Calf (kiUed at 3 days old) .... 1 00 



50 lbs. butter, at 16 cts 8 33 



Whey and butter-milk to make 100 

 lbs. pork 8 00 



$49 33 

 Cow, Dr. 

 Winter kecpin? . . . . S12 00 

 One acre of land, costing $50, 



will pasture the cow . . 3 50 

 Salt 25 cts., 3 bush, of bran, S3 3 25 

 Interest on the value of cow, 



at $25, 10 perct. ... 2 50 

 Labour of milking, making 



butter, cheese, &c. . . . 4 00 25 25 



Balance in favour of cow . , $24 06" 



DAMSON. A small variety of the 

 Plum. 



DANDRUFF. Scales of skin, which 

 are brushed off readily. 



DAPPLE. Marked with various 

 colours. 



DARNEL. Several grasses are 

 so called. The Cheat of the United 

 States goes under this name in Eu- 

 rope ; but it is principally applied to 

 the Lolium temulentiun, a trouble- 

 some weed. 



DARTARS. In farriery, a sort 

 of scab or ulceration taking place on 

 the chin, to which lambs are subject. 



DATE. The fruit of a palm {Phx- 

 nix dactyitfcra), remarkable for its nu- 

 tritiousness, and as affording food to 

 entire populations. 



DATURA. The generic name of 

 the thorn apple or Jamestown weed, 

 a poisonous plant. 



DAUCUS. The generic name of 

 the Carrot. 



DEAD TOPS. The dead sum- 

 mits or branches of old trees. They 

 should be cut at a sound place, and 

 the wound covered with grafting wax 

 or clav. 



DEAFNESS. A defect in hearing. 

 It is sometimes remedied by syrin- 

 ging the tube of the ear with tepid 

 water, by which a quantity of hard- 

 ened wax is washed out. 



DEAL. Pieces of sawed pine or 

 fir wood, three inches thick, nine 

 wide, and twelve feet long. 



DEBRIS. In geology, mineral 

 rubbish worn from a rock or forma- 

 tion. 



DECAGON (from dsKa, ten, and 

 yuvia, an angle). Any solid having 

 ten sides and angles. 



DECANDRIA (trom 6eKa, ten, and 

 avjip, a male). The class of plants 

 having ten stamens. 



DECANT. To pour off the clear 

 fluid after a precipitate subsides. 

 Hence Dccantatwn. 



DECAPODS (from 6eKa, ten, and 

 TTovf, a foot). Crabs with ten feet. 

 Animals like the cuttle-fish, with ten 

 tentacula, wherewith they walk. 



DECAY. The destruction of or- 

 ganized bodies by natural causes. 

 The products depend on the presence 



225 



