FARM- YARD MANURE. 



potatoes. The urine and the excre- 

 ments lost, by drying, 82 per cent, of 

 moisture. The average of the ex- 

 cretions yielded by one pig in twenty- 

 four hours was, moist, 9 1 pounds; 

 dry, 1 6 pounds. 

 •' Composition : 



T>n: Moi.«t. 



Carbon 38 7 697 



Hydrogen .... 48 086 



Oiivgen 32 5 5 85 



Azote 3-4 6J 



Salts and earth . . 206 8701 



^ Water .... . 206 S200 



1000 100-00 



" The litter that is generally em- 

 ployed is wheat straw. This straw, 

 in the condition in which it is used, 

 contains 26 per cent, of moisture. 



'• Its composition is : 



Dried. Cndrifid. 



Carbon 48-4 35-8 



Uvdroijen .... 53 39 



Oiygen 38 9 288 



Azoio 4 00-3 



Salts and earth . . 70 5-2 



Water .... . 70 260 



1000 loo^ 



" At Bechelbronn each horse re- 

 ceives daily, as litter, 4 4 pounds ; 

 each cow, 6 6 pounds ; each pig, 41 

 pounds of straw. 



"To the stables and the cow-houses 

 together are given, every twenty-four 

 hours, 132 pounds of straw for thir- 

 ty horses; 198 pounds for thirty 

 horned cattle ; 66 pounds for six- 

 teen pigs ; making 396 pounds of 

 straw, estimated, when dry, at 292-6 

 pounds. 



" The composition of the materials 

 which constitute the dung produced 

 in one day are set forth in the fol- 

 lowing table : 



Excretions yielded 

 in C4 hourd by 



Eiements ot'the dry matter. 



i*^*, in the wet; j 1 i i<a|,, .. 



|WUeado-.| 3^,^ I Carb. |Hydrog.0.tygen|Azote.|*^,Yhs 



Thirty horses .... 

 Thirty horned cattle 

 Sixteen pigs .... 

 Straw used in litter i 



lbs. 

 24508 

 326-36 



26-40 

 292 60 



lbs. I lbs. I 



1026-28' 94-60 



2416-48 1 130 24 



146-74 1012: 



39600 I 41-68 



ib«. 

 12-32 

 15-40 



1-32 

 15-62 



lbs. 

 89- 10 

 116-16 



8-58 I 



lbs. 

 6-60 

 8-58 

 0-88 



lbs. 

 42-46 

 5698 



5-50 



113-74- 1-10 20-46 



Water 



constitu - 



ting the 



wet matter. 



lbs. 



783-20 



2089-12 



120-34 



103-40 



" The average or mean composition of this mixture may be taken as fol- 

 lows : 



" On comparing the composition of ' 

 the dung-heap with that of the differ- 

 ent kinds of litter collected in a day, 

 little difference is observed ; the lar- 

 ger quantity of saline and earthy mat- i 

 ters discovered in the fermented ma- 

 nure is readily explained from the ad- 

 ditions of ashes incorporated with it, 

 and also by the accidental admixture 

 of earthy matters proceeding from 

 the sweepings of the court, the earth 

 adhering to the roots consumed as 

 food, &c. — refuse of ever>- kind, the 

 residue after cleansing the various 

 kinds of fodder for tlie stable and 

 stall, (fee, all go to the dung-heap. 

 Lastly, and with reference to the ele- 

 ments that are liable to be dissipated 

 in the state of gas, or which may be 

 changed into water, the azote is pre- 



cipitated in larger quantity in the pre- 

 pared manure than in the unferment- 

 ed litter and e.\cretions. This is at 

 once seen on comparing the compo- 

 sition of these two products after the 

 saline and earthy matters have been 

 deducted. 



Carb. Hydrog. Ojyg. Azote. 

 The composition of 



fresh litter is . . . 49-3 5-8 42-7 2 

 That of dung .... 528 6-1 33-1 3.0 



" Dung is, therefore, somewhat 

 richer in carbon than litter, and it 

 contains less oxygen. 



" Fermented dung contains less 

 oxygen than that which comes from 

 the stable ; it ought also to contain 

 less hydrogen ; but this analysis does 

 not proclaim. 



"Azote is, in fact, the element 

 which it is of highest importance to 



273 



