fal' 



FEE 



wait for the slower transformation 

 out of starch. 



Fattening food should be well pre- 

 pared by grinding, and steaming for 

 hogs. A mush tliat had become 

 slightly sour was found to fatten more 

 expeditiously by Arthur Young than 

 the fresh food. The following table 

 gives the comparative values of prov- 

 enders for fattening, by showing the 

 amount of oil they contain : 



Indian com 

 Oats .... 

 Wheat . 

 Bran . . . 

 Oil cake . . 

 Clover hay 

 Meadow hay . 

 Pease and beans 

 Beech mast 

 Sunflower seed 

 Linseed . . 

 Hemp seed 

 Straw . . . 



. 9 to 10 percent, of oil. 



. 4 to 5 " " 



. 2i to 2J " " 



. 4 to 5 " " 



. 9 to 10 " " 



4 " " 



. 3* to 4 " " 



. 2| to 3 " " 



. 15 to 17 " " 



. 15 " " 



. 11 to 22 " •' 



. 18 to 25 " " 



. 1 to li " " 



These numbers are not constant, 

 for the amount of oil depends upon 

 the season, increasing with the brill- 

 iancy and dryness of the weather. 

 Potatoes, beets, carrots, turnips, man- 

 gel wurzel, contain less than one 

 quarter per cent., and are therefore 

 not adapted for fattening alone. 



The same values are true for but- 

 ter and milk, except that oil cake im- 

 parts a bad flavour. Poultry and 

 pigs are now som.etimes fattened in 

 part on animal fat, as cracklings, 

 greaves, &c. One of the most suc- 

 cessful bodies in the list is ground lin- 

 seed meal, but, considering its other 

 qualities, corn is the most esteemed. 

 If the cake or oily seeds are used, it 

 will be necessary to mix meal, oats, 

 or pease with them, to preserve the 

 health of the animal ; tive pounds of 

 cake area sufficient supply for the day. 



FATHOM. A measure of six feet. 



FAUCES. The part of the throat 

 at the root of the tongue. 



FAULT. In geology, an interrup- 

 tion in the continuation of a stratum, 

 the bed having been broken by an 

 earthquake and separated. The crev- 

 ice between the parts is often filled 

 with clay, which forms an impervious 

 barrier to drainage. 



FAUNA. The animals of a coun- 

 try. 



276 



FAUX. The opening or throat of 

 monopetalous flowers, like the snap- 

 dragon, sage, &c. 



FAVOSUS (from fatus, a honcy- 

 comh). Marked like a honey-comb. 



FEATHER-BOARDING. Weath- 

 er-boarding, the edges of the boards 

 overlapping. 



FEATHER-GRASS. Sdpa pen- 

 nata. A very inferior grass. 



FEATHERS. The covering of 

 birds, answering the purpose and be- 

 ing of the same composition as the 

 hair and fur of animals. Goose- 

 feathers for beds are, in Europe, 

 plucked in the spring, midsummer, 

 and September, each parcel being 

 dried in an oven. If they become 

 foul, it may be remedied by boiling 

 them, enclosed in bags, in an abun- 

 dance of water for a few minutes. 

 The quill is prepared by dipping in 

 a quantity of sand heated to 150- 

 Fahrenheit, and afterward rubbing it 

 strongly with flannel until it becomes 

 clear. 



Waste feathers, as a manure, are 

 precisely of the same value as woollen 

 rass, which see. 



FEBRIFUGE. Any medicine 

 which allays the heat and violence of 

 fevers, as lemonade, Seidlitz pow- 

 ders, tartar emetic, &c. 



FECES. Excrements, dregs. 



FECULA. Starchv matter. 



FECUNDATION. In horticulture, 

 the act of sprinkling the yellow pow- 

 der {pollen) of the stamens of one 

 flower upon the stigma or female or- 

 gan of another, to produce new vari- 

 eties of seed, is called artificial fecun- 

 dation or impregnation. The late 

 Mr. Andrew Knight obtained in this 

 way many choice fruits. Varieties 

 of plants, especially melons, are fre- 

 quently injured and lost by planting 

 ' ihern near each other, from fecunda- 

 tion arising from the pollen of one 

 kind being carried to another by in- 

 I sects or the wind. Hence annuals 

 i of the same species set out for seed 

 should be placed far apart. 



FEED. The quantity of proven- 

 der or ration allowed a horse, cow, 

 &LC. Growing animals require three 

 per cent. ; working horses, two ; 



