FRA 



FRI 



fall ; but when the part has a con- 

 siderable diameter, four to six inch- 

 es, it is best to prune it, and cover 

 the wound with coal tar or grafting 

 clay. 



FR..E>,'U.M {from frccnum, a bridle.) 

 A membranous fold, which binds 

 down one part of the body to another, 

 especially the tongue to the mouth. 



FRAGARIA. The generic name 

 of the strawberry. 



FRAME. In horticulture, the ar- 

 rangement in which forcing is usually 

 pertbrmed. A frame may be made 

 of stout planks, the back one being 

 two feet deep, the front fifteen inch- 

 es, and the sides sloped ; the width 

 across may be six feet, and the length 

 divided into partitions every three 

 feet ; over each partition a window 

 or sash, capable of being more or less 

 withdrawn, is placed. These frames 

 are set upon the hot-beds of ferment- 

 ing matters, and seedlings, melons, 

 &c., raised in them. 



The heating material, or hot-bed, 

 may be set up on the ground, or in a 

 shallow pit of two feet depth. The 

 advantage of the former is that, as 

 the heat diminishes, the old dung can 

 be cut down and removed, bemg re- 

 placed by fresh, which supplies new 

 heat, and thus the temperature can 

 be kept up for a long time. A com- 

 mon bed for early vegetables is made 

 by laying down twenty inches to two 

 feet of fresh horse dung, and cover- 

 ing with six to eight inches of tine 

 mould, tan, or compost, putting down 

 the sashes of the frame, and allowing 

 the steam to pass off for three days ; 

 opening the frame, stirring the soil, 

 and sowmg the seeds in drills, or 

 broad-cast. I'he frame is subsequent- 

 ly to be opened or kept shut, accord- 

 ing to the hardiness of the young 

 plants. Beds made early in the sea- 

 son will require a greater depth of fer- 

 menting matter. During cold nights, 

 cover the irames with malting, that 

 no frost may penetrate. It is com- 

 mon to sink small thumb pots, in 

 part, into the hot-bed, instead of sow- 

 ing the seed on mould. 



A cold frame is no more than the 

 foregoing sash placed over a spot of 

 308 



well-tilled, rich soil, which it protects 

 by the glass. It should be exposed to 

 the southwest. Hot-beds and frames 

 should always be placed over a well- 

 drained spot. 



FRAMING. The rough timber- 

 work of a house. 



FRANKLIATA. Gordonia puhcs- 

 ccns. An ornamental tree of (^eorgia, 

 somewhat resembling the dogwood 

 when in flower. 



FRAXINUS. The genus of the ash. 



FREEMARTIX. A twin cow calf 

 born with a male calf If it resem- 

 bles the bull it is barren, and is often 

 barren when having the general ap- 

 pearance of a heifer. 



FREEZING. Congelation. The 

 conversion of water into ice. It takes 

 place at 32 - Fahrenheit, or below, and 

 is much promoted by a sharp wind, 

 which hastens evaporation. Water, 

 in freezing, expands one ninth, and, 

 if confined, will break open the stout- 

 est vessels. Rocks and the soil are 

 disintegrated by the freezing of wa- 

 ter in them, which, expanding, tears 

 the particles asunder. By freezing 

 some mixtures or solutions, the wa- 

 tery parts may be, in some measure, 

 separated, and the spirituous left un- 

 touched. See Frost. 



FRENCH BEANS. See Beans. 



FRENCH BERRIES. Berries oj 

 Avignon. The green fruit of the 

 Rhamnus infcctorius, a species of 

 buckthorn, cultivated in France as a 

 yellow dyeing material. It requires 

 a southern climate, and in other re- 

 spects does not differ from the buck- 

 thorn. It may be propagated by cut- 

 tings or seeds. The Persian berries 

 aie the finest for colouring. 



FRENCH CLOVER. Lucern. 



FRET, or FRETTE. In architec- 

 ture, a species of ornament consist- 

 ing of one or more small fillets. The 

 section of the channels between the 

 fillets is rectangular. The subjoined 



diagram shows two sorts of simple 

 frets ; but they are often much more 

 complicated. 



FRIABLE. Powdery, mealy, or 

 readily broken into a powder. 



