FUN 



FUS 



certain vapours, to counteract a dis- 

 ease or to purify. Warm vinegar is 

 couimonly employed ; thorough ven- 

 tilation is also necessary. Tlie chlo- 

 rine given ofT from chloride of lime, 

 or generated by adding muriatic acid 

 to black oxide of manganese, is the 

 best fumigating substance. It has 

 the power of neutralizing the most 

 disagreeable odours, but is injurious 

 to health, and must only be used in 

 vacant apartments. 



FUMITORY. Fumaria officinalis. 

 Cultivated chiefly as a flower : cattle 

 will eat the herbage. 



FUNDI, FUNDUNGI. Paspahim 

 exile. Hungary rice. A gramine- 

 ous annua! plant growing 18 inches 

 high, and producing an abundance of 

 minute seeds, which are used in Af- 

 rica as rice. It is sown on dry natu- 

 ral soils in May, and reaped in Septem- 

 ber, the seeds being readily thrashed 

 out. 



FUNGI. The race of mushrooms, 

 toad-stools, blight, rust, &c. They 

 consist of cells only, and produce 

 spores, or seeds, without flowers. 

 Fungi grow, for the most part, on 

 dead or living vegetable matters. 

 Those fungi are poisonous that have 

 a disagreeable narcotic smell. The 

 most important will be found in this 

 book. The word fungoid, like a nmsh- 

 room, is a derivative. 



FUNGICOLA. A genus of cole- 

 opterous insects dwelling in mush- 

 rooms. 



F U N G I N. The white, tasteless 

 solid remaining after mushrooms 

 have been fully digested in alcohol 

 and in water. It is an azotized mat- 

 ter nearly resembling fibrui, and very 

 nutritious. 



FUNGUS. A mushroom. In far- 

 riery, proud flesh, a fleshy excres- 

 cence growing out of a sore, or about 

 the edges of an ulcer. It should be 

 reduced by the use of caustic. Lu- 

 nar caustic or red precipitate is the 

 best application. 



FUNICULUS. In anatomy, the 

 cord which attaches the fcetus to the 

 after-birth, or placenta, also called the 

 umbilical cord. The thread by which 

 tlie seed is fastened to the carpel. 

 312 



FUNNEL. A trumpet-shaped ves- 

 sel open at both ends, used to trans- 

 fer fluids, and especially in chemis- 

 try, to lay Alters upon. 



FUNNEL-SHAPED. Infundibuli 

 form, a term descriptive of the figure 

 of some flowers. 



FUR. The skins of animals well 

 covered with hair. The unprepared 

 dry skins are called peltries. 



FURFURACEOUS (from furfur, 

 brati). Resembling bran. 



FURLONG. The eighth of a mile : 

 40 poles. 



FURNACE. In chemistry, a 

 small, moveable vessel of plumbago 

 or fire clay, in which charcoal may 

 be burned "for the purpose of distilla- 

 tions, heating tubes, &,c. It is usu- 

 ally provided with several parts for 

 the convenience of carrying on the 

 several processes and obtaining a 

 high heat. 



FURRIERS' WASTE. The clip- 

 pings of skms : as a manure it is sim- 

 ilar to old rags. 



FURUNCULUS. A boil. 



FURROW. The movement of the 

 earth produced by the action of a 

 plough : furrow slice is the slip of 

 earth turned over. 



FURROW, WATER. The far- 

 row made in ploughed lands to let off 

 surface water. 



F U R Z E. Shrubs of the genus 

 Ulcx, the most common of wliich, V. 

 Europeus, is also called gorse and 

 whin. It is a hardy, leguminous ev- 

 ergreen, growing abundantly on poor 

 lands, and made use offer hedging and 

 coarse fodder in Europe. It grows 

 rapidly, so that it can he cut every 

 four years for fuel, and is so far nu- 

 tritious that horses are often main- 

 tained on furze only ; but, considering 

 the abundance of excellent fodder 

 plants we possess, the introduction 

 of furze is scarcely worthy of thought. 

 As a fencing material, it is objection- 

 able, from the room it requires, but 

 the prickles with which it is covered 

 make it a sure defence. 



FUSIFORM. Spindle-shaped, ta- 

 pering to each end ; a descriptive 

 term in botany. 



FUSION. Melting. In fusion, a 



