GAL 



GAL 



great amount of heat becomes latent. 

 The point of fusion difiers extremely 

 in metals, from six hundred to several 

 tliousand degrees of Fahrenheit. 



FUSTET. The wood of the Rhus 

 cotinus. Young fustic. 



FUSTIC. The wood of the Morus 

 tmctoria, a species of mulberry. It 

 yields a dingy, yellow orange dye to 

 water ; it imparts permanent colours 

 to wool when mordanted with alum 

 or a solution of tin. It mixes well 

 with indigo and Saxon blue, forming 

 a green. With copperas it forms ol- 

 ives and browns. Five to six parts 

 of the old wood give a lemon colour 

 to 16 of cloth. The colour is less 

 altered by acids than other yellows, 

 but it is inferior in brightness to weld. 

 The fustic-tree grows naturally in 

 the West Indies and America. 



FUSTIC, YOUNG. A name for 

 the Rhus cotmus, or Italian sumac, 

 which yields a greenish-yellow dye, 

 used in mixtures. 



G. 



GABLE. The triangular piece of 

 wall at the ends of a house, immedi- 

 alely under the roof 



GADFLY, BREEZE. Dipterous 

 insects of the genus jEstrus. These 

 insects nearly resemble the botflies; 

 they deposite their eggs under the 

 skin of animals, w-hich they pierce, 

 giving considerable pain. The yel- 

 low-eyed forest flies that infest hor- 

 ses in July are of the genus Cnjsops. 



GAGE, GAUGE. In physics, an 

 instrument to measure any result, as 

 wind-gase, rain-sage. 



GALACTOPOIETIC (from yaXa, 

 milk, and tzolcu, I make). Substan- 

 ces which increase the flow of milk. 

 The affixes gala and galacto indicate 

 milk or milky ; as galactomcler. See 

 Lactometer. 



GALANGAL. Kcempfcria galan- 

 ga. A root formerly used in medi- 

 cine, and imported from China. 



G A L B A N U M. Galbanum offici- 

 nale. An umbelliferous herb of Af- 

 rica. A fetid gum resin exudes spon- 

 taneously from it of antispasmodic 

 properties. 



GALBULA. A genus of climbing 



D D 



birds like the kingfishers ; they live 

 in wet forests, and are insectivorous. 



GALBILUS. A fruit of a round- 

 ed form, but with an internal conical 

 arrangement of the carpels ; as that 

 of the savine, junipers, and yew. 



GALEATE. Helmet-shaped. In 

 botany the term is applied to the up- 

 per arched lip of personate flowers. 



GALENA. Sulphuretoflead. An 

 abundant ore of a bright metallic col- 

 our and cubical form. 



GALERUCA. A genus of coleop- 

 terous insects, the type of the Gale- 

 rucidce, including the Haltica. They 

 are vegetable feeders in the perfect 

 and larva state. The yellow-striped 

 squash beetle (G. vitata) is of this 

 genus. 



GALIUM. A genus of plants, of 

 which cleavers (G. aparine) is a spe- 

 cies. G. verum is used as rennet to 

 curdle milk in cheese-making. The 

 family of plants of which it is the 

 type (GaiiacecB) includes madder and 

 spurry. The whole family is nutri- 

 tious. 



GALL. Bile. Ox g£ill is of great 

 service for removing oil spots from 

 cloth and carpets, and for fastening 

 and brightening colours. The gall- 

 bladder is the small sack situated un- 

 der the liver, and contains gall. It 

 communicates with the small intes- 

 tines by the biliary duct. Gall stones 

 are concretions formed in this blad- 

 der, which consist, for the most part, 

 of hardened bile or of cholesterine. 



GALLIC ACID. A crystalline, in- 

 odorous substance, slightly soluble 

 and styptic. It precipitates per salts 

 of iron of a black colour. It is form- 

 ed by exposing a solution of tannic 

 acid to air, by which oxygen is ab- 

 sorbed : formula C; K3 0,,. Gallic 

 acid IS of little importance, and sel- 

 dom occurs naturally in plants. 



GALLED. Naked, bare. Exco- 

 riations on the skin of animals are 

 often called galls and galled spots. 



GALL-NUTS. Excrescences pro- 

 duced on the leaves and leaf stalks 

 of the Quercus irtfectona by an insect 

 (cynips). They are best from the 

 Levant, of a dark colour, heavy, and 

 of the size of a bullet; but other galls, 



313 



