CAR 



GAR 



purge and emetic. Water-colour 

 painters employ it extensively. 



GANGLION ( from yayy/. inv, a 

 knot). A natural swelling or enlarge- 

 ment on a nerve. A pamful tumour 

 formed on the sheath of a tendon. 



GANGRENE (from ypaeiv, to feed 

 upon). Mortification. An ulcer which 

 produces the death of the part ; this 

 result is usually the consequence of 

 very feeble health. Nutritious stim- 

 ulants are to be administered. 



GANGRENE IN TREES. A 

 blackening of the inner bark, various- 

 ly produced, leading to the death of 

 the tree unless cut below the disease. 



GANGUE. The mineral in which 

 ores are imbedded, also termed the 

 matrix. 



GAPE. In ornithology, the open- 

 ing between the mandibles. 



GAPES. A disease in young chick- 

 ens and turkeys attended with much 

 gaping. See Poultry. 



GARDEN. The enclosure allot- 

 ted to the cultivation of culinary 

 plants. Its great productiveness is 

 a lesson in favour of deep spade till- 

 age. Those parts devoted to annu- 

 als should have a southern exposure ; 

 but trees and perennials require a 

 sheltered or northwestern aspect. 

 Plants which flower should be plant- 

 ed far apart. The soil must be well 

 drained. Walls and trellises in gar- 

 dens are of the first importance to 

 i shelter vegetables and allow choice 



GAKDEN HUSBANDRY. "This 

 is a branch of horticulture, the object 

 of which is to raise fruits, vegetables, 

 and seeds for profit on a smaller 

 extent of ground than is usually oc- 

 fupied for the purpose of agricul- 

 ture. 



" The best examples of this kind of 

 industry are found among the market- 

 gardeners near populous towns, par- 

 ticularly London, Paris, and Amster- 

 dam. By the application of much 

 manual labour and an abundant sup- 

 ply of manure, they accelerate the 

 growth of vegetables, and produce 

 them more abundantly than where 

 manure is not so easily obtained, or 



where there is not so large a demand 

 for the produce. 



" The gardeners near Paris, some 

 of whom have gardens within the out- 

 er walls of the city, are called Marai- 

 chcrs, from the situation of their gar- 

 dens in a low district which was for- 

 merly a marsh (marais). The indus- 

 try of this laborious class is prover- 

 bial. Their whole life is devoted to 

 their gardens. They work the whole 

 day in the greatest heat of the sun, 

 and long before the rest of the inhab- 

 itants awake they are on the way to 

 the market with their produce. The 

 soil in which they raise their vegeta- 

 bles is naturally a poor sand, but by 



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