GAR 



CAS 



and sustained on wheels. It is work- 

 ed by the handle, A, and either used 

 to direct a current of water by the 

 jet, or hose, B, or to water vegeta- 



bles with a rose screwed to the end 

 of the pipe, C. The box is kept full 

 of water. 



GARGET. "In farriery, a disease 

 in the udders of cows, arising from 

 inflammation of the lymphatic glands. 

 It is also a distemper incident to hogs, 

 and which is known by their hanging 

 down their heads, and carrying them 

 on one side, moist eyes, staggering, 

 and loss of appetite. 



In order to remove the disease in 

 cows, where the inflammation is 

 great, the cow should be bled, a dose 

 of physic administered, the udder well 

 fomented, and the milk drawn gently 

 but completely off, at least twice a 

 day." — {Youatt on Cattle.) 



GARLIC. The genus Allium, dis- 

 tinguished by a hot, fetid smell. The 

 common cultivated kind is the A. sa- 

 tivum : it is propagated by setting the 

 parted cloves in April, about six inch- 

 es apart, clearing from weeds, and 

 tying up the leaves with bass in June ; 

 in August they are fit to be taken up. 

 Chives and rochambole are of this 

 class of plants. Garlic is an expec- 

 torant in small doses. 



GARNER. A granary. 



GARNET. A common mineral, 

 of a rich colour, containing silica, 42 ; 

 alumina, 20 ; lime, 34 ; iron, 4. Some 

 of the finest crystals are set as jew- 

 els. They are usually found in the 

 primitive and transition rocks. 

 320 



GAS. A general name for all elas- 

 tic aeriform bodies not condensible by 

 ordinary cold. The extraordinary 

 elasticity of gases, the rapidity and 

 regularity with which they expand by 

 heat, and the manner in which they 

 diffuse into one another, are their 

 chief peculiarities. Some have been 

 condensed into fluids and solids by 

 powerful pressure ; but oxygen, nitro- 

 gen, hydrogen, and some others re- 

 sist all mechanical force. The im- 

 ponderables, heat, light, and electri- 

 city, have, however, perfect control 

 over the elastic condition of gases 

 in the presence of chemical bodies 

 with which they can combine. See 

 the 'particular gases. Gases are read- 

 ily absorbed by porous earths and bod- 

 ies, especially by plants and charcoal. 



GASHOUSE LIQUOR. The fluid 

 which distils over in making gas from 

 bituminous coal. It consists of wa- 

 ter holding in solution carbonate, 

 muriate, and sulphuret of ammonia, 

 with impurities. One hundred gal- 

 lons contain 25 pounds of these salts. 

 This amount may be applied per acre, 

 diluted with five times its bulk of wa- 

 ter, over the growing crop. Exper- 

 iments made in England on grass- 

 lands are very favourable, it having 

 occasionally trebled the yield. The 

 value of the ammoniacal salts is in- 

 creased by adding a little sulphuric 

 acid to the liquor : the quantity should 

 not be enough to impart a sour taste. 

 The amount of ammoniacal salts in 

 different specimens is subject to great 

 fluctuation, and depends on the vari- 

 ety of coal used. The liquor maybe 

 added to the compost heap, or, after 

 neutralizing it with sulphuric acid, 

 evaporated nearly to dryness, and 

 left to become dry by exposure to the 

 air. The liquor is very noxious to in- 



SGCtS. 



GASHOUSE REFUSE. Besides 

 ammoniacal liquor, a mixture of lime 

 and water is used to purify the gas. 

 The refuse lime is strongly impregna- 

 ted with sulphur, and contains car- 

 bonate of lime also. It has been used 

 with good effects as a manure in Eng- 

 land. The dose should not exceed 

 two bushels per acre when applied to 



