GOO 



GIIA 



jiinotiun of bones similar to that of 

 llio trctli in the jaw-bone. 



GONIOMETER (from yuvia, an 

 antrle, and jierpov, a measure). An in- 

 strument to measure the angles of 

 crystals. 



GONYS. In ornithology, the in- 

 ferior margin of the symphysis of the 

 lower jaw. 



GOOSE. See Poultry. 



GOOSEBERRY. Ribcs grossula- 

 ria. In England the gooseberry is 

 esteemed one of their most valuable 

 fruits. In spring it furnishes the 

 earliest as well as the best fruit for 

 tarts and sauces, and can be preserv- 

 ed green as well as ripe for winter 

 use. When ripe, it makes a delicious 

 sweetmeat and wine, and is a favour- 

 ite dessert. 



The following selection is recom- 

 mended : Reds— Old rough red, Mel- 

 ling's crown bob, Farmer's roaring 

 lion. Knight's Marquis of Stafford, 

 Champagne and Capper's top saw- 

 yer : one of the best of the red goose- 

 berries is the Scotch ironmonger ; it 

 is hairy and thin-skinned. Yellows 

 — Hill's golden gourd, Prophet's rock- 

 wood, Hamlet's kilton, Dixon's gold- 

 en yellow, Gordon's viper. Greens 

 — Edward's jolly tar, Massey's heart 

 of oak, Nixon's green myrtle, ear- 

 ly green hairy, Parkinson's laurel. 

 Whiles ^Moore's white bear. Cole- 

 worth's white lion, Crompton's She- 

 ba queen, Saunders's Cheshire lass, 

 Wellington's glory. Woodward's 

 whitesmith. Smooth skins become 

 tough in cooking, and should not be 

 selected for that purpose. 



The gooseberry can be raised from 

 cuttings, from suckers, or from seeds ; 

 the former is generally resorted to 

 as being the most expeditious ; and 

 seed is only sown to raise new va- 

 rieties. Cuttings may be planted in 

 the fall, or as early in the spring as 

 the weather will permit. 



The gooseberry requires a deep, 

 moist, and rich soil ; the ground 

 around it should be kept free from 

 grass and mellow. It requires ma- 

 nure in spring. The fruit appears on 

 shoots of the last year, and spurs of 

 two or three years, the young shoots 



E E 2 



yielding the best. Keeping the bushes 

 free of wood, open at the top, and re- 

 moving all luxuriant shoots from the 

 base, is the pruning necessary. Sum- 

 mer pruning is necessary for fine 

 fruit. 



The fruit is easily kept for tarts, 

 by introducing them into bottles with 

 a little water, heating until steam is 

 produced, and then corking tightly. 

 They may be kept whole by burning 

 a few sulphur matches in a bottle-full, 

 and corking tightly. 



This shrub is much infested by cat- 

 erpillars, insects, and blight ; they 

 are, however, all remedied by full ex- 

 posure to the light, sprinkling with 

 lime, or watering with a solution of 

 tobacco or whale oil soap. 



GOOSEFOOT. The popular name 

 for the genus Chenopodium. They 

 flourish on rank soils and about 

 dunghills. The most important is 

 Ch. anthelminlicum, worm seed. Ma- 

 ny are eaten by animals, and C. al- 

 bum, lamb's quarter, and C. bonus 

 Henricus are used partially as spin- 

 ach. 



GOOSE GRASS. Several species 

 of Galium are so called from being 

 eaten by geese. 



GOSSYPIUM. The generic name 

 of the cotton plant. See Cotton. 



GOULARD'S EXTRACT. A con- 

 centrated solution of sugar of lead in 

 water : it is used diluted to galls and 

 external inflammations. 



GOURD. Cucurbita lagenaria. 

 Calabash. Gourds are annuals read- 

 ily cultivated, requiring a deep soil. 

 Many varieties exist, of which the 

 Patagonian, six feet long, is the most 

 singular. The pulp is very purgative 

 in most varieties. 



GOVERNOR. In machinery, an 

 arrangement for regulating the speed 

 of machines. 



GRACILE, GRACILIS. Slender. 



GRACULA. The genus of jay 

 birds. They are insectivorous. 



GRADATORY. A term applied 

 to those animals which have legs 

 nearly of the same length, so that 

 thoy can walk on the four. Birds 

 which have the lower portion of their 

 legs covered with feathers. 



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