GRA 



<:ra 



of the air gives the specific gravity, i 

 This operation is, however, of great 

 delicacy, for the gases must be per- 

 fectly dry. 



Acid, muriatic . . . 1200 



, nitric r2Tl 



, , strongest . 1'583 



, sulphuric . . . 1850 



Alcohol, absolute . . . 0-797 

 Ammonia, solution . . 0875 



Butter 0-943 



Copal 1-045 



Diamond 3-521 



^ther 0-632 



Fat of beef 0923 



Glass, crown .... 2520 

 , flint 2-760 



The following numbers indicate 

 the specific gravities of several use- 

 ful bodies : 



Marble . . . 



Metals: 

 Copper . . . 

 Gold . . . 

 Cast iron . . 

 Lead . . . 

 Mercury . . 

 Sheet platina 

 Potassium . 

 Sliver 



Steel . . . 

 Tin ... . 

 Zinc 



Granite 2-613 Milk .... 



Gypsum 2-288 Nitre . . . 



Honey 1-450 j Oil, turpentine 



Indigo ...... 1-009 , almond . 



Ironstone 3-573 , hemp . . 



Ivory 1-825 I , linseed . 



Lard 0-947; , olives . . 



Limestone 2-386 1 , rape . . 



GRAY DYES. These are usual- 

 ly light blacks. Ash gray is given to 

 30 lbs. wool by 1 Ibrgall nuts, I lb. 

 crude tartar, and 2k lbs. green vitriol. 

 Proceed as in dyeing blacks, in 80 

 lbs. water. Pearl graij, prepare the 

 first bath with sumach, with half log- 

 wood. Fustic gives a yellowish or 

 brown gray. 



GRAZIER. A person engaged in 

 raising and fattening cattle. For the 

 practice of this business in the East- 

 ern and sea-board States, great judg- 

 ment is now become necessary, from 

 the facilities for grazing enjoyed by 

 the Western States. The following, 

 chiefly from the " Complete Grazier" 

 is worthy of attention : 



" A man should know how- beasts 

 ought to be formed ; should have a 

 quick eye for selecting those with a 

 frame that is likely to produce weight ; 

 and a hand that should feel the known 

 indication of the probability of soon 

 becoming fat. 



" An acre produces from 200 to 

 300 pounds of flesh annually in good 

 grass. In the opinion of the most 

 intelligent graziers, in stocking enclo- 

 sures, the cattle should be divided in 

 the following manner : Supposing 

 four fields, each containing a nearly 

 equal quantity of land, one of them 

 should be kept entirely free from 

 stock until the grass is got up to its 



2-716 



8-900 



19-301 



7-248 



11 352 



13-598 



22-069 



0-865 



10-510 



7-816 



7-291 



7-191 



1-032 



1-900 



0-870 



0932 



0-926 



0-940 



0-915 



0-913 



Oil, whale 0923 



Slate, drawing . . . 2 110 



Spermaceti 0943 



Suj^ar 1-606 



Sulphur 1-990 



Wax- 0-964 



Woods : 



Apple 0-793 



Ash 0-845 



Beech 852 



Box 1328 



Campeachy 913 



Cedar 0-596 



Cherry-tree .... 0715 



Ebony 1 331 



Elm 0-671 



Pine 0-550 



Lignum vitse .... 1333 



Poplar 0-383 



Yew 0-763 



full growth, when the prime or fat- 

 ting cattle should be put into it, that 

 they may get the best of the food ; 

 the second best should then follow ; 

 and after them either the working or 

 store stock, with lean sheep to eat 

 the pastures close dow'n ; thus ma- 

 king the whole of the stock feed over 

 the four enclosures in this succession : 



"No. 1. Clear of stock, and reserv- 

 ed for the fattening beasts. 



" No. 2. For the fattening beasts, 

 until sent to No. 1. 



" No. 3. For the second best cat- 

 tle, until forwarded successively to 

 Nos. 2 and 1. 



" No. 4. For stores and sheep to 

 follow the other cattle ; then to be 

 shut up until the grass is again ready, 

 as at No. 1, for the fattening beasts. 



" By this expedient the fattening 

 cattle will cull the choicest parts of 

 the grass, and will advance rapidly to- 

 wards a state of maturity ; for they 

 should always have a full bite of 

 short and sweet grass, and with such 

 cattle the greatest care should be ta- 

 ken not to overstock the enclosures. 

 It is also advisable to divide the fat- 

 tening enclosure by fences, so as to 

 confine the beasts within one half of 

 it at a time, and to allow them the 

 other half at the other, so that they 

 may continually have fresh pasture. 



" Shade and pure water are essen- 



351 



