niii 



GUA 



This is particularly the case with 

 that in Monmouth and Burlington 

 counties, New-Jersey, and Newcastle 

 county, Delaware. Numerous pits 

 are, therefore, opened for the purpose 

 of reaching this deposite, called Marl, 

 which has been found, in many instan- 

 ces, to produce remarkable fertility 

 when applied at the rate of 200 to 

 300 bushels on stiff clayey lands. In 

 selecting specimens, we are to exam- 

 ine the amount of green sands in it, 

 the fertility depending upon them ; for 

 the clay, common sand, and other im- 

 purities are of little importance. The 

 richest kinds are of a deep green in- 

 ternally, sometimes with an olive 

 tint, but the exterior becomes gray- 

 ish and covered with a slight efflores- 

 cence ; it is also readily crushed. 

 The following analysis of a specimen 

 from Monmouth county will give the 

 particulars of its composition per 

 cent. : 



Silica 5000 



Alumina 700 



Protoxide of iron .... 22-00 



Potash 11 00 



Lime 100 



Magnesia a trace 



Water 9 00 



10000 



The potash here is combined with 

 silica, but their union is readily de- 

 stroyed by the carbonic acid of the 

 soil, which rapidly forms carbonate 

 of potash. 



This manure is peculiarly applica- 

 ble to grass, oats, wheat, corn, and 

 the Cerealia generally ; it will also be 

 serviceable to roots growing on a 

 stiftish soil. It may not, however, 

 pay the expenses of long transporta- 

 tion, a small quantity of ashes repla- 

 cing it in the compost heap. 



GREENSTONE. A species of 

 trap consisting of feldspar and horn- 

 blend. It is a fused and intruded rock. 



GREEN VITRIOL. Sulphate of 

 protoxide of iron. It is styptic, emet- 

 ic, and much used in dyeing and ink- 

 making. 



GREYHOUND. A coursing dog, 

 remarkable for his swiftness and 

 symmetry. 



GREYWACKE. Gramcacke. 



GRIP. A small drain. 

 G Q 2 



GRIPES. Colic. See Horse and 

 Ox. 



GRIT. A hard sandstone, usually 

 coarse, used for mill-stones and pave- 

 ments. 



GROATS, or GRITS. Oats pre- 

 pared by hulling. 



GROIN. In architecture, the junc- 

 tion of two arches. 



GROSSULARIA. The generic 

 name of the currant and gooseberry. 



GROUND-BAIT. Balls made of 

 grain, graves, bran, lentils, mixed 

 with clay, and thrown in those parts 

 of a pond or river where angling is 

 carried on. 



GROUND-CHERRY. Several va- 

 rieties of Physalis, a weed. 



GROUND-NUT. Apios tuherosa. 

 A leguminous plant, with a perennial 

 root, bearing small tubers of one half 

 an inch, which are esculent. It is 

 indigenous in the Middle States, and 

 has been recommended for culture. 

 For the common ground-pea, see Fin- 

 dars. 



GROUNDSEL. The genus Sene- 

 cio : composite plants, annual, bitter, 

 and purgative. 



GROUT. In building, mortar made 

 fluid with water. Pla.ster used for 

 finishing walls. Mortar used in fixing 

 foundations. 



GRUBBER. A strong hoe for 

 tearing up the roots of shrubs and 

 trees. 



GRUBS. Worms, maggots. The 

 pupa of earth worms. They often 

 infest new lands, and are to be rem- 

 edied by heavy liming, a dose of salt 

 of fifteen bushels to the acre, and 

 frequent stirring and exposure of the 

 soil to frost. 



GRUID^. Birds which wade like 

 the crane {grus). 



GRYLLID.^. A family of locusts, 

 resembling the Gryllus. 



GUAIACUM. A resin obtained 

 from the Guaiaciim officinale, a West 

 Indian tree. It is little used in medi- 

 cine for rheumatism. 



GUANO. The changed dung of 

 sea-fowl, of a brown colour and urin- 

 ous smell, collected on islands off the 

 coast of Peru and Southwestern Af- 

 rica. Its composition differs : thus, 



353 



