HAR 



IIAR 



the combined water of the acid be- 

 comes a component of the salt. 



HALOGEN (from (i?.c, a salt)- 

 Bodies which unite directly with met- 

 als, without any previous oxidation, 

 and form salts, as chlorine, sulphur, 

 fluorine : their compounds are term- 

 ed Haloid salts. 



HALTICA. A genus of small 

 coleopterous insects, remarkable for 

 their readiness in leaping. The tur- 

 nip flea is a familiar species. 



HAM. The thick part of the leg. 

 See Hog. 



HAMES. The wooden or iron col- 

 lar pieces to which the traces are at- 

 tached. 



HAMMER BEAM. A horizontal 

 timber from or near, but above the 

 foot of a rafter, acting as a tie. 



HAMSTER. Muscricctus. A kind 

 of rat found in the north of Europe, 

 which makes extensive stores of food. 



HAND. A measure of four inch- 

 es, used in estimating the height of 

 horses. The fore leg of a horse or 

 other animal. 



HARD WATER. Water contain- 

 ing salts of lime, especially gypsum. 

 It is softened by adding a little soda- 

 ash or ammonia. 



HARICOTS. See Beans. 



HARE. The genus LcjBus, herbiv- 

 orous rodents, often a great annoy- 

 ance to farmers. They are readily 

 taken in traps. 



HARL. The refuse skin of flax 

 and hemp. 



HARNESS. The gearing of hor- 

 ses. It should fit well, or galls are 

 produced. The harnessing of steers 

 has been recommended to obtain more 

 effective labour. 



HARRIERS. A breed of dogs used 

 for hunting hares. 



HARPALUS. A genus of prcda- 

 ceous colcoptcrans. 



HARROW. The common form 

 of this implement is a triangle or 

 rhomboid, set with straight iron spikes 

 four or more inches long ; these tear 

 the surface recently ploughed, pul- 

 verizing the lumps, and covering seed 

 shghtly. The frame is of ash or oak, 

 but sometimes of iron. Other har- 

 rows, with curved teeth, for tearing 

 338 



out and carrying along weeds, are 

 also used, called extirpators, or scar- 

 ifiers. See Cultirator. The expand- 

 ing harrow, in which the distance of 

 the bolts of the frame can be set ac- 

 cording to circumstances, is a conve- 

 nient instrument. 



The following, from Mr. Geddes, is 

 thought an excellent instrument. The 



' I ' 1 ( ' ' ' I 'I 'I'll' 

 I ' I ' ' ' I ' ' I I . ( ' 1 1 1 1 ' I 



f.'liiii!',! \\ \ I '.•:\\\[\ 



sketch is on a scale of one fourth of 

 an inch to the foot : 



" Description. — Timber, three inch- 

 es square. 



" The side pieces should enter the 

 centre pieces so that the acute angle 

 will contain thirty-five degrees ; or 

 the bevel may be found by laying a 

 carpenter's square on a board, and 

 measuring on one side of the corner 

 three inches, and on the other two 

 inches and one twelfth of an inch ; a 

 hne drawn through these points will 

 make a triangle, having the smaller 

 angle, that is, the angle at the point 

 where the three inches reached — the 

 angle required. 



" The tenons should enter the cen- 

 tre pieces only one inch, the mortice 

 and tenon being cut square with the 

 centre pieces, as shown in the en- 

 graving. If this joint is well made, 

 the bolt passing through both sticks 

 will keep the timber in place perfect- 

 ly, the side pieces have each three 

 bolts, X, X, X, passing through the 

 middle, to prevent their splitting. The 

 back hinge is made of Swede's iron, 

 bolted, at A, B, C, D, E, F, on the tim- 

 ber with half inch bolts. These bolts 



