HIC 



HIP 



HERRING. A migratory lish, of 

 the genus Clupca, resembling shad in 

 flavour, but much less in size. 



HESPfJRlDIU.M. In botany, a 

 many-celled, few-seeded, superior, 

 indeliiscent fruit, covered by a spongy, 

 separable rind ; the cells easily sep- 

 arable from each other, and contain- 

 ing a mass of pulp, in which the seeds 

 are imbedded : example, the orange. 

 HESSIAN CRUCIBLE. A melt- 

 ing-pot made of fine clay and sand ; 

 the small sizes are much used in the 

 laboratory to fuse metals, &c. 



HESSIAN FLY. See Wheat In- 

 sects 



HETEROCEPHALOUS (from Ite- 

 pog, various, and KE(}>a?.ri, a head). In 

 composite flowers, when some heads 

 contain male, and others female flow- 

 ers. 



HETEROGAMOUS (from trepoc, 

 and yafiog, marriage). When the 

 spikelets of the same grass contain 

 dissimilar sexes, or when the flower 

 heads of compositae contain florets 

 with different sexes. 



HETEROGYNIA (from erepof, 

 and yvvTj, a female). A tribe of hy- 

 menopterous insects, as the bee and 

 ant, in which one female is neuter 

 and another fertile. 



HETEROMERANS (from Irepoq, 

 and firipoq, a leg). A class of coleop- 

 terous insects, having the first and 

 second pairs of legs with five joints 

 in the tarsus, and the third pair with 

 only four. 



HETEROPTERANS (from irepoc, 

 and Trrepov, a wing). A tribe of he- 

 mipterous insects, in which the upper 

 wing cases terminate abruptly by a 

 membrane. 



HETEROTROPAL (from •iTEpo(:, 

 and Tperru, I turn). "When the em- 

 bryo of a seed lies across it, but does 

 not point towards its base or apex. 



HEXAGYNIA. With six pistils. 



HEXANDRIA. With six stamens. 



HEXAPODS (from e(, six, and 

 TTovc, afoot). A tribe of wingless in- 

 sects with six feet. 



HIBISCUS. A genus of mucilagi- 

 nous plants of the Malvaceous family. 



HICKORY. Carya. An Ameri- 

 can genus of trees resembling the 

 368 



walnut. They all produce a hard, 

 compact, but coarse-grained wood, of 

 great strength. The shag-bark (C. 

 alba) and the Southern pecan-nut 

 (C. angusti folia) produce the best 

 fruit. The hickories do not flourish 

 far North, but require a temperate 

 climate and good soil ; most of them 

 require a moist soil, especially the 

 shell-bark and pecan-nut ; the com- 

 mon hard-bark (C. tomenlosa) is, how- 

 ever, partial to a drained soil. The 

 pig-nut hickory (C. porcina) is the 

 largest variety, often rising to 90 feet, 

 and produces wood equal, if not su- 

 perior, to the other species. 



Hickory wood is very liable to in- 

 sects, and decays soon when exposed 

 to changes of moisture and heat. It 

 is much used for axletrees of car- 

 riages, wooden screws, cogs, handles 

 of various kinds, especially hand- 

 spikes. The young trees form the 

 best hoops for casks. 



The wood forms the best fuel of 

 our forests, from its density. 



HIDE. The strong skin of horses, 

 oxen, &c. Green hides just removed 

 from slaughtered animals are alto- 

 gether superior for the tanner. Dry 

 ing by exposure to the sun, and rub- 

 bing with ashes, or salting, make it 

 more diflicult to thoroughly tan after- 

 ward. 



HIDEBOUND. A condition of the 

 skin of animals when it seems to ad- 

 here to their bones. It is usually 

 the result of want of care, or a symp- 

 tom of disease. Slight purging and 

 alteration of food, with better care, 

 will alter this state. 



HIDE, or HIDE OF LAND. An 

 ancient measure of from 100 to 150 

 acres. 



H I L U M. The scar on a seed, 

 where the funicle is attached, or 

 where it is united with the carpel. 



HIPPOBOSCA. A genus of vi- 

 viparous, two-winged insects, which 

 prey on horses and other animals ; 

 the forest flies are of this race. 



HIPPURIC ACID (from iivrroc, a 

 horse, and ovpov, urine). An acid exist- 

 ing in combination with soda, in the 

 urine of horses, cows, and persons eat- 

 ing certain vegetables. It is separated 



