ICE 



ICE 



yaarrip, the slomach). Tlie portion of 

 the abdomen reaching from the low- 

 est parts to near the navel. 



HVPOGENE ROCKS. The crys- 

 talline rocks, both stratified and un- 

 stratified, as granite, gneiss, mica, 

 and hornblend slates. Tlieso are 

 either rocks of fusion (Plutonic), or 

 have been modified by heat {Transi- 



tlO)l). 



HYPOGYNOUS (from vtto, and 

 yvvjj, a female). Stamens, or other 

 organs, attached below the base of 

 the ovarium. 



HYPOXITROUS ACID. A very 

 instable and unimportant acid, com- 

 posed of 1 eq. nitrogen and 3 oxygen. 



HYPOPHOSPHUROUS ACID. 

 A compound little known, with acid 

 properties ; it has not been isolated, 

 and consists of 1 eq. phosphorus and 



1 o.xygen. 

 HYPOPHYLLUM. A partial leaf, 



clasping the stem, and without lamina. 

 HYPOSULPHURIC ACID. An 

 instable body, not isolated, composed 

 of 2 sulphur, 5 oxygen. Hyposulphu- 

 rotis acid is not isolable ; consists of 



2 S-|-2 O. ; its salts, the hyposul- 

 phites, are of use in photography : 

 they are very readily decomposed. 



H Y P O T E N i; S E. The longest 

 side of a right-angled triangle. 



HYPOTHESIS. A speculation 

 not based on facts, but explaining 

 certain phenomena. 



HYSSOP. Hyssopus officinalis. A 

 perennial rooted, labiate plant, of aro- 

 matic and bitter properties. It grows 

 on a dry, light soil, and is propagated 

 by cuttings and seeds. 



HYSTERIA. A nervous com- 

 plaint, attended with convulsions and 

 peculiar flatulency. 



HYSTRICID.E (from hystrix, a 

 porcupine). The family of Rodentia, 

 to which the porcupine belongs. 



IBEX. A wild goat {Capra ibex) 

 inhabiting the mountains of the Old 

 ^\'orid, with long horns, marked with 

 knotted ridges. 



ICE. Water congeals at and be- 

 low 32^ Fahrenheit, and expands ^th 

 of its volume at 40^ Fahrenheit; 

 iM M 2 



hence, when freezing occurs in the 

 pores of rocks, the earth, ikc, it oft- 

 en produces a disruption of the par- 

 ticles. It is this action that mellows 

 lands ploughed in the fall. 



ICE-HOUSE. A sandy or porous 

 soil is to be preferred ; the place 

 sliould have a northern aspect, and 

 be protected by trees, a wall, &,c., 

 from the action of the sun. The pit 

 may be conical or rectangular, with 

 sloping sides ; for a family, twelve to 

 fourteen feet depth, and twelve feet 

 square, will be sufficient, but some 

 houses are twenty-four feet deep ; 

 the sides may be bricked and cement- 

 ed, or lined with wooden piles cut 

 from small pines, and set horizontally, 

 as in making a log house, and after- 

 ward boardeil ; the framing may rise 

 one or two feet above the ground, and 

 a quantity of earth be rammed against 

 it. At the bottom, a well three or four 

 feet deep, and one third the width of 

 the pit, should be dug, and covered 

 with timbers or an iron grating ; into 

 this the water of the melted ice drains 

 and is removed ; if the soil be po- 

 rous, nothing more is wanting, but if 

 retentive, a drain must be made from 

 the bottom to carry off the water ; 

 this is to be protected with a water- 

 trap to hinder circulation of air. If a 

 sandy bed be supposed to exist at a 

 short depth, it is best to smk the well 

 to it, or, at least, to make an open 

 bore ; unless the water can be drain- 

 ed, the ice will not keep. 



The roof may be a sharp gable or 

 conical, well protected by shingles or 

 thatch ; the door is to be on the north 

 side, and should lead along a short 

 passage to a second inner door. A 

 gutter must be placed around the 

 eaves to carry off every drop of rain. 



The house should be filled in dry, 

 frosty weather ; if of wood, the ice 

 may be thrown directly in, but in 

 stone or brick houses a layer of straw 

 or leaves may be first spread on the 

 bottom. The clearest ice is best ; it 

 should be driven closely together 

 with a rammer, and, as the house fills, 

 straw or leaves may be placed around 

 the sides. If the weather be very 

 cold, water may be thrown over the 



413 



