JUJ 



JUN 



small intestines next the duode- 

 num. 



JELLY. Gelatin with water : ve- 

 getable jelly is pectin. 



JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE. See 

 Artiehokc. 



JESSAMIN. Jasminum. officinale. 

 A climbing shrub, the flowers of 

 which, when distilled with water, 

 yield a penetrating perfume. 



JET. A bitummous coal of fine 

 texture, and taking a high polish. 

 JETERUS. The yellows of plants. 

 JOGGLED JOINTS. Joints of 

 masonry or wood, which are made 

 by indenting the faces and fitting 

 them together. 



JOGGLE PIECE. A truss post, 

 whose shoulders and sockets receive 

 the lower ends of the struts. 



JOHN'S WORT. Plants of the 

 genus Hypericum, especially H. per- 

 foratum, a common weed in mead- 

 ous. Much prejudice exists against 

 it, and, being a perennial-rooted plant, 

 it is not easy of extirpation. A kind 

 of itch, and even inflammation of the 

 stomach, are said to be produced by it 

 in sheep, but salt is said to be a pre- 

 ventive, and the itch is treated with 

 sulphur ointment. 



JOISTS. The timbers to which 

 the flooring is nailed. 



JUBA. The mane, or crest of 

 hair which runs along the back bone 

 of animals. 



JUDAS-TREE. An ornamental 

 genus (Cercis) of trees, of which the 

 C. Canadensis, or red bud, is the only 

 indigenous species. 

 JUGALBONE. The cheek bone. 

 JUGULAR VEINS. The veins 

 running on the sides of the neck, 

 which bring the blood from the head. 

 The external jugular is that from 

 which blood is taken in the horse. 



JUGULUM. The fore part of the 

 neck in animals. 



JUJUBE. Zizypkus vulgaris. The 

 fruit of this shrub, or srnaU tree, re- 

 sembles a small plum, and is edible ; 

 is red, with a coriaceous skin, and of 

 tlie size of a large olive : they are 

 readily dried, and become sweeter. 

 It is a native of Italy and Spain. A 

 sirup made from the dried fruit and 

 Pp 



mixed with gum forms the original 

 jujube paste. 



JULY. In the North, corn, pota- 

 toes, and late crops are tilled for the 

 last time, and white crops and grass- 

 es harvested ; late cabbages set out ;. 

 celery put into trenches, and seeds 

 collected. After harvest, turnips, car- 

 rots, and fall crops are put in : bud- 

 ding is performed on the apple and 

 pear. In the South, cotton and to- 

 bacco receive a last working. It is 

 the great month for working the soil, 

 and destroying weeds and shrubs. 



J U N C A C E .E. The family of 

 rushes. 



JUNE. In tlie North, potatoes for 

 winter and ruta bagas are set ; sheep 

 sheared. Weeding is very important 

 this month. Fruit-trees are trimmed, 

 and caterpillars destroyed ; late gar- 

 den vegetables, as pease, beans, cab- 

 bages, turnips, melons, are also sown. 

 In the South, this is the month for 

 weeding, hoeing, and working corn, 

 cotton, tobacco, sweet potatoes ; of 

 the last, increase the hills by cuttings. 

 Carrots and other roots for late crops, 

 as well as cabbages, may be sown ; 

 melons require working ; white crops 

 are harvested. 



JUNE BERRY. Mespilus arhorca. 

 Wild pear, service. This tree is found 

 extensively dilfused in the United 

 States, but abounds on the Alleghany 

 Mountains, and the banks of its 

 streams. The fruit is scattered, 

 small, one third to one half an inch 

 across, and pleasant. It is improved 

 by cultivation, and ripens in June. 

 On the streams of the West it some- 

 times grows thirty-five to forty feet 

 high. 



JUNGERMANNIACE-^:. A nat- 

 ural family of acrogens, resembling 

 mosses, and growing on the bark of 

 trees, and in moist, shady places. 

 The Hepatic(B, or true liverworts. 



JUNIPER BERRIES. Juniperus 

 communis. A bushy evergreen shrub, 

 the berry of which yields an aromatic 

 flavour to gin. The shrubs grow read- 

 ily on the [)oorest soils : tliey are of 

 the pine family {conifcra). 



JUNIPERUS. The genus yield- 

 ing the juniper berries. It contains, 



445 



