LIN 



LIN 



seed nourish grouse and many small 

 animals. 



LINGUA. A tongue. In ento- 

 mology, an organ placed within the 

 labium, and serving the oflice of a 

 tongue. 



LLNGUATE, LINGUATUS, LIN- 

 GUIFOIl.VI. A thick leaf, &c., shaped 

 like the human tongue. 



LINIMENT (from lino, I anoint). 

 In farriery, a semiHuid omtmciit, or 

 a soapy application to rul) upon pain- 

 ful joints, sprains, tumours, &c. The 

 term is also applied to spirituous and 

 other stimulating applications for ex- 

 ternal use. Liniments are intended 

 either to lubricate or to stimulate ; 

 but in either case they can only be 

 regarded as topical applications, their 

 influence not extending beyond the 

 part to which they are applied. In 

 some instances they are anodyne, 

 and contain solutions of opium or 

 camphor in oil. 



Linseed oil and lime-water form an 

 admirable liniment for burns. Harts- 

 horn and sweet oil for tumours, to 

 discuss them, or hinder suppuration. 

 Liniments with soap, hartshorn, and 

 camphor, or opium, for stiff and pain- 

 ful joints or sprains. 



LINING. In building, any cover- 

 ing of an interior surface. The li- 

 nings, for instance, or boxings of 

 window-shutters, are the pieces form- 

 ing the backs of the recesses into 

 which the shutters are folded. In 

 doorways, they are the facings on 

 each side the aperture : to sashes, 

 they are the vertical pieces parallel 

 with the surface of the walls. 



LINSEED. The seed of flax. It 

 is used for the extraction of oil, for 

 feeding cattle, and medicinal purpo- 

 ses. The method of raising the crop 

 is detailed in the article on Flax. 

 The composition of the seeds is by 

 no means well known ; they contain 

 from 11 to 27 per cent, of oil, 22 per 

 cent, of starch, gum, and mucilage ; 

 10 of sugar, and six parts of albumen 

 and fibrin. The oil is extracted by 

 grinding and pressing ; or grinding, 

 heating by steam, and pressing, the 

 hot-drawn oil being, on the whole, 

 best for painters, &.c. The produce 



of seed is variously estimated at from 

 10 to 30 bushels, according to the 

 richness of the soil ; the latter (juan- 

 tity will furnish 385 jwunds of oil the 

 acre, leaving 69 per cent, of cake or 

 refuse after pressure. The bushel of 

 seed weighs from 50 to 52 pounds, 

 and yields a quarter of oil 



The entire seed, when defective, 

 is sometimes used as provender ; it 

 is exceedingly fattening, and in all 

 respects strong food ; but the meal 

 and cake are better. The seed are 

 also boiled or steeped in boiling wa- 

 ter for the mucilage they afford ; it 

 is mixed with hay, and used at the 

 rate of three pounds daily for an ox ; 

 rather less meal is necessary, but the 

 refuse cake is more strengthening 

 and economical. 



LINSEED CAKE. The refuse of 

 linseed after expression. According 

 to Payen, it still contains 9 per cent, 

 of fattening matters, and 5 2 per cent, 

 nitrogen ; equal to nearly 32 per cent, 

 of albumen. 22 lbs are equal, in nu- 

 tritious value, with 100 of prime hay. 

 It is, for the most part, used to fatten 

 cattle ; four or five pounds of the cake, 

 broken into powder, and either boil- 

 ed or steeped in hot water, are mixed 

 along with hay and cut straw. The 

 quantity of oil it contains renders it 

 very fattening, at the same time that 

 the albumen makes it strengthening. 

 Some persons use linseed oil with 

 hay and meal, adding a quart of oil to 

 a bushel of bean, oat, or other meal. 



LINSEED JELLY or MUCIL- 

 AGE. This is made by boiling six 

 quarts of water on one quart of the 

 seed for ten minutes. It is of great 

 use in the cough of animals, and 

 forms a good provender for calves. 



LINSEED MEAL. Ground lin 

 seed. 



LINSEED OIL. For commercial 

 purposes it is nearly always hot- 

 drawn. It forms a drying oil when 

 boiled with white-lead or sugar of 

 lead, and is much used by painters 

 and others. It is an excellent pur- 

 gative for cattle. Sheep and calves 

 require 2 to 3 oz., oxen 16 oz , and 

 horses 16 to 24 oz. ; but castor oil, in 

 smaller doses, is equally serviceable. 



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