I.OC 



LOG 



substance, and make all the difference 

 between a loss and a profit in the 

 keepinjr of stock." — (IV. L. Rham.) 



LIXIVIATION. The process of 

 washing out the soluble from the in- 

 soluble portions- of mineral substan- 

 ces, as in making lye ; hence, lixivium 

 means a lye or alkaline solution. 



LIZARDS. LaccrtuUr, Lacerlians. 

 These reptiles are perfectly harmless, 

 and of great utility to the farmer from 

 the insects which they devour. 



LOAD. A vague measure ; it is 

 better understood when divided into 

 one, two, or three horse loads. A 

 single horse load is generally estima- 

 ted at thirty bushels, one cubic yard, 

 or one ton by weight. 



LOAM. A very vague term, mean- 

 ing a good soil, neither too light nor 

 too stiff, and generally containing a 

 large proportion of vegetable matter 

 and clay. In Prof Johnston's lec- 

 tures, a loam is represented as a soil 

 containing 30 to 60 per cent, of sand, 

 the rest being clay, limestone, or ve- 

 getable matter : a clay loam contains 

 but 20 to 30 per cent, sand, and a 

 sandy loam upward of 60 per cent, 

 sand. This word is often improper- 

 ly written loom, and applied to a fria- 

 ble rich soil, containing much decay- 

 ing vegetable matter. 



LOBBY. An anteroom or hall. 



LOBATE, LOBED. Divided into 

 large curved segments more or less 

 circular. 



LOBELIA. A genus of plants con- 

 taining many very poisonous species, 

 as the Indian tobacco (L. inflaia), 

 which is of use in asthmas, and as an 

 emetic. They are pretty herbaceous 

 plants, with perennial roots, and oft- 

 en cultivated for their beautv. 



LOBLOLLY BAY, or "HOLLY 

 BAY. Gordonia laxianthus. A large 

 Southern evergreen found growing in 

 swamps, producing large white flow- 

 ers. The wood is rosy, but light and 

 brittle ; the bark is extensively used 

 in tanning in the Southeastern States. 

 It very much resembles the magnolia. 



LOBLOLLY PINE. The old field 

 pine (Pinus t(zda). 



LOCKED JAW. Tetanus, tris- 

 mus. A consequence of injuries about 



' the feet, worms, or severe nervous 

 diseases ; the muscles become ri^id, 

 and finally locked jaw supervenes. 

 When it arises from a wound or la- 

 ceration, the case is usually hopeless ; 

 when it is a disease {tetanus), large 

 doses of opium are found to do most 

 good, with the removal of all causes 

 of irritation. The strength must be 

 sustained by injections of broths and 

 soups. 



LOCKING WHEELS. Hindering 

 the rolling of one or more wheels in 

 descending steep hills. It is done 

 by fastening a chain from the body 

 of the wagon to the spokes of the 

 wheel, or by levers or a drag. 



LOCOMOTION (from loci motio). 

 Change of place. 



LOCULAR (from locus, a place). 

 A cell or division in a fruit ; thus, 

 fruits are unilocular, bilocular, &c. 



LOCULICIDAL. A term desig- 

 nating the bursting (dehiscence) of a 

 seed vessel along the back suture. 



LOCUSTA. The inflorescence re- 

 sembling the spike, but occurring in 

 grasses, the flowers having no caly- 

 ces, but bracts onlv. 



LOCUST BORER. Clytus pictus. 

 Found on the trees in September ; 

 it is velvet black, adorned with trans- 

 verse yellow bands ; the eggs are 

 snow-white, and deposited m the 

 crevices of the bark : the grubs are 

 soon hatched, and bore into the ten- 

 der wood, where they commit great 

 havoc until the next year. White- 

 washing, washing with whale oil 

 soap solution, spirits of turpentine, 

 and catching the beetles, are to be 

 adopted as preventives, otherwise the 

 trees are rapidly killed by these borers. 

 LOCUST, HONEY. See Honey 

 Locust. 



LOCUSTS. Cicade<z. Insects of 

 the grasshopper family. The per- 

 fect msects are very short-lived, but 

 the larvfe are long-lived ; one species 

 {Cicada scplcndecim) existing in that 

 state in the earth for seventeen years 

 or thereabout. The perfect insect 

 bores the young twigs of trees to de- 

 posite its eggs, and thereby does much 

 mischief to orchards and forests. The 

 harvest, or dry fly, is the C. canuulans. 



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