OFF 



OIL 



agation by cuttings, &c., may com- 

 mence as soon as the leaves have 

 fallen, or in everirreens ; arrange- 

 ments should he made for early vege- 

 tables, and the frames looked to. As 

 soon as frost comes on, collect straw 

 and leaves to cover the vegetables 

 remaining in the soil, spinach, turnip 

 tops, &.C., and secure the roots and 

 stems of tender fruit or shrubbery 

 plants ; prepare for laying vines, &c. 

 Ewes put to the ram this month bring 

 lamb in March, which is seasonable 

 in the South, but too early for the 

 North. 



ODERITE. A species of black 

 mica. 



ODOMETER (from o(5of, a road, 

 and fieTpov, a measure). A wheel, 

 the axis of which turns a graduated 

 scale, so that the distance over which 

 it passes on a road is recorded in feet 

 and miles. It may be attached to a 

 carriage wheel, or rolled along by the 

 hand 



ODONTOLOGY (from oJonf, a 

 too/h, and Aoyof). A treatise on the 

 teeth. 



ODOR IN. A very concentrated 

 empyreumatic oil, obtained by recti- 

 fying oil of bones. 



CEDEMA. Puffiness of a part of 

 the body, produced by a dropsical ef- 

 fusion or collection of watery fluid. 



CENANTHIC ETHER. A vola- 

 tile oily body, to which the peculiar 

 vinous flavour of wine is owing ; by 

 boiling with potash it becomes con- 

 verted into cenanlhic acid and alco- 

 hol. Liebig traces its existence to 

 the free tartaric and racemic acids of 

 certain grapes, which yield the oil 

 by their transformation. 



CESOPHAGUS. The gullet or 

 swallow. 



CESTRUS. The genus of Gad 

 Flies, which see ; as also Insects. 



OFFSET. In building, the supe- 

 rior surface left uncovered by the 

 continuation upward of a wall where 

 the thickness diminishes, forming a 

 ledge. 



OFFSETS. In surveying, short 

 distances from the chain-line, usually 

 measured with a rod, called an offset- 

 staff, the most convenient length for 

 5-JO 



which is 6 feet 7-2 inches, being 

 equal to 10 links of the surveying 

 chain. 



OFFSETS. In gardening, young 

 radical bulbs, when separated or ta- 

 ken off from the parent roots, are so 

 called. One of the chief methods of 

 propagaiing plants is by offsets. 



OGEE. In moulding, is a line re- 

 sembling the italic/. 



OGIVE. The pointed arch. 



01L-(;;AKE. The remainsof seeds, 

 especially linseed, after expression 

 for oil. Linseed and several other 

 cakes are used for fattening, two to 

 four pounds being broken up into the 

 daily food ; it is remarkably rich m 

 oil, containing often 15 per cent., and 

 ranks high as nutriment. See Fodders. 

 Animals do not always take to it 

 readily, and are therefore to be grad- 

 ually fed. Rape, mustard, hemp, 

 castor oil, and other cakes are admi- 

 rable manures ; half a ton of rape 

 cake, well broken and sown broad- 

 cast, is a well-established manure in 

 England. The Flemish mix them 

 with their fluid manure. See Flan- 

 ders Husbandry. The cake of any 

 particular seed is the best manure for 

 the same crop. They are suitable 

 for the drill. 



OIL OF BRANDY, OIL OF PO- 

 TATOES, OIL OF GRAIN SPIRIT, 

 FOUSEL OIL. This volatile aro- 

 matic oil is formed in the fermenta- 

 tion of potatoes or grains where hops 

 are not employed, and which yield an 

 alkaline mash ; it comes over in the 

 last portion of the distillation for the 

 alcohol ; when concentrated, it is 

 oily and very nauseous. It is also 

 called amylic alcohol, and hihydrate 

 of amylene : formula (Cm Hu), HO, 

 the first term being the compound 

 radical Amyl of Dumas. 



OIL OF VITRIOL. Sulphuric acid. 



OIL OF WINE. Two liquid oily 

 bodies, as well as the cenanthic ether, 

 are known by this name ; the former 

 arise from distilling ether off caustic 

 lime, and are sulphates of the oxide 

 of ethyl. 



OILS. Compounds consisting of 

 carbon and hydrogen for the most 

 part, but occasionally containing oxy- 



