ORG 



ORG 



lows : Take 3 bushels of rich soil, or ' 

 3 bushels of swamp muck would be 

 better, 1 bushel night soil, 1 bushel 

 fine charcoal (if charcoal is plenty, 3 

 to 4 bushels are to he preferred), 1 j 

 bushel air-slacked liine, 1 bushel of 

 leached wood ashes, and 1 peck of j 

 salt. Mix the above well together. 



" Dig the holes 3 feet wide, 2 feet 

 deep, keeping the top soil by itself; 

 fill in a portion of the bottom soil un- ' 

 til nearly ready for the tree, then fill 

 in half a bushel of the compost and 

 set in the tree, spreading out the roots ' 

 to their natural position, and fill in ' 

 the top soil, gently shaking the tree ' 

 two or three limes to settle the soil • 

 around the roots. The tree should I 

 be set the same depth in the orchard j 

 that it stood in the nursery. Leave i 

 the soil a little hollowing about the 

 tree, to catch and retain tiie rain-wa- 

 ter. Put around each tree half a peck 

 of fine charcoal and half a peck of ! 

 slacked lime. Witli these precautions ' 

 neither peach nor any other fruit 

 trees will be infested with worms at 

 the roots, provided they have suitable 

 after-culture. 



''Culture of Orchards. — The soil 

 around the trees should be kept loose, 

 either by spading, digging with a mat- 

 tock, or by ploughing. If a crop is put 

 in the orchard, nothing should be 

 planted or sowed within five feet of 

 the trees, as the nourishment taken 

 up by the crop is so much taken from 

 the growth of the trees. After the 

 lime and charcoal has laid around the 

 trees one year, spread it around the 

 trees in a circle of ten feet in diam- 

 eter. This should be done in the 

 spring, when the soil is cultivated, 

 and a fresh supply of lime and char- 

 coal applied. 



" When the trees have been set out 

 three or four years, the soil should 

 be enriched with a compost of ma- 

 nure, swamp muck, and ashes. Early 

 every spring the trunks of the trees 

 should be washed with strong lye, 

 strong soapsuds, or thin soft soap. 

 Apply either of these with a white- 

 wash brush as high as a man can 

 reach. When the trees grow rapid- 

 ly, their girth will be increased by 



slitting the outer bark the whole 

 length, froin the ground up to the 

 limbs. This gives the trees room to 

 expand. 



" To render Old and Barren Orchards 

 Thrifty and Productive. — Early in the 

 spring plough the entire orchard, and 

 enrich witii a compost of manure, 

 swamp muck, lime, and chip manure. 

 Scrape ofTall the old bark with a deck 

 scraper, or a hoe ground sharp. Ap- 

 ply half a bushel slacked lime, and the 

 same of fine charcoal, around each 

 tree. Apply then soft soap or strong 

 soapsuds on the trunks and limbs as 

 high as a man can reach. ^V'hile the 

 trees are in full bloom, throw over 

 them a good supply of fine slacked 

 lime. 



" To destroy Caterpillars. — As soon 

 as the nests can be seen, procure 

 some spirits of turpentine ; tie a small 

 piece of sponge to a pole that is long 

 enough to reach the highest nests, fill 

 the sponge, and once filling will be 

 sufficient to rub off and destroy sev- 

 eral nests." 



ORCHARD GRASS. See Grasses. 



ORCHIDACE.E. Herbaceous en- 

 dogens with remarkably irregular and 

 beautiful flowers ; they are propaga- 

 ted by seeds, and bear bulbs contain- 

 ing an agreeable farina (salep), for 

 which the Orchis mascula is partially 

 cultivated. They are natives of cal- 

 careous soils. In the tropics the spe- 

 cies and genera often become splen- 

 did parasites. 



ORCHIL, or ARCHIL. The Ro- 

 cclla tinctoria. A lichen indigenous 

 to the Canaries, and yielding a pur- 

 ple dye. 



ORCINE. The colouring matter of 

 the Viotaria orcina, or lichen dealbatus. 



ORDER. A style of architecture, 

 or column. 



OREGON ALDER. Alnus Orego- 

 na. An alder of 25 to 30 feet. 



ORES. Minerals containing a 

 large amount of some metal. 



ORGAN. In anatomy, a viscus, 

 or structure of the body. 



ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. The 

 chemistry of organic matters, or such 

 as are directly or indirectly derived 

 from plants or animals. The invea- 



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