OUT 



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land, many holis (as they are provin- 

 cially called) or plantations of osiers 

 are raised, which beautify the coun- 

 try, keep the stock warm in the win- 

 ter, and provide much useful wood 

 for baskets and all kinds of wicker- 

 w-ork. The mode of planting is very 

 simple : it is, first, to dig the land 

 from six to twelve inches deep, and 

 then to prick down cuttings of four 

 years' growth, and eighteen inches 

 long, about three feet apart. The 

 soil may be moor or clay, or any that 

 is low and wet." 



OSMAZOME. The brown, fra- 

 grant extractive matter of roasted 

 meats. 



OSMIUM. A rare metal, associa- 

 ted with platina in ores. 



OSSEOUS BRECCIA. Fragments 

 of bones and mineral matters found | 

 cemented together in some caverns 

 and fissures of rocks. 



OSSIFICATION. The process of 

 the deposition of bone. 



OSTEOLOGY. A dissertation on 

 bones. 



OTITIS (from ovc, the ear). In- 

 flammation of the internal parts of; 

 the ear. I 



OTTO, or ATTAR. A perfume, ! 

 the essential oil of roses. The fresh 

 flowers are distilled with water by a ! 

 gentle heat, as in the case of other ' 

 essences. I 



O U N C E. In troy weight, 480 | 

 grains, -j^ of a pound ; in avoirdu- 

 pois, jg of a pound ; it contains only 

 437i troy grains. 



OURARI. A virulent poison from 

 the Strychnos toxifera, of Guiana. It 

 produces convulsions and suspended 

 respiration. 



OUTCROP. In geology, the ex- 

 posure of rocks or strata above the 

 earth. 



OUTFALL. The lower end of a 

 ■water-course. 



OUTFIELD. Unenclosed lands, 

 distant from the farm-stead. 



OUTLIER. A detached portion 

 of rock, distant from the mass. 



OUTRE. Unusual, unnatural, 

 vyithout taste 



OUZE. The muddy deposites of 

 the sea, or waters. 

 540 



S OVARIA. The oval bodies which 

 contain the eggs, or germs, in female 

 : animals. 



i OVARIUM. " In plants, a hollow 

 case, enclosingovulesor young seeds, 

 containing one or more cells, and ul- 

 I timately becoming the fruit ; it is al- 

 ways situated in the centre of the 

 flower, and, together with the style 

 and stigma, constitute the female 

 system of the vegetable kingdom. 

 , When it is united to the calyx, it is 

 called inferior ; when separate from 

 it, it is termed superior." 



OVEN. A domestic furnace used 

 for baking bread, pies, tarts, <kc. 

 Ovens are generally constructed of 

 brick-work, with a semicircular and 

 very low roof; the bottom is laid 

 with stone, and in the front is a small 

 aperture and door, by the shutting of 

 which the heat is confined while the 

 bread is baking. They are usually 

 heated by means of dry fagots, wood, 

 &c., introduced into the cavity, and 

 are without any grate below. As 

 these ovens, however, are not calcu- 

 lated for small families, on account 

 of the quantity of fuel they consume, 

 others have been contrived, on a 

 more diminutive scale ; tiiese are 

 usually formed of cast iron, and may 

 be heated by the same fire which 

 serves for the cooking of other pro- 

 visions, the hot ashes being applied 

 upon the lid, as well as helow the 

 oven ; but for baking bread they are 

 inferior to the brick (or Dutch) oven. 



OVERLAND FARM. Without 

 buildings. 



OVERSHOT WHEEL. That form 

 in which the water falls from above 

 the wheel upon the upper parts. It 

 is the common kind. 



OVIDUCT. Fallopian tube, a 

 membranous tube which conveys the 

 germs, or eggs, from the ovarium into 

 the womb, or out of the body. 



OVIPAROUS. Producing eggs. 

 Birds, serpents, insects, and fishes 

 are usually oviparous. 



OVIPOSITOR. A pointed tuDe 

 whereby many insects deposite their 

 eggs in holes or chinks ; they are 

 sometimes boring or stinging organs 

 {aculeus). 



