PAV 



PEA 



ten an ox, and that which will only ■ 

 rear him. This can scarcely be dis- | 

 covered by simple examination of the j 

 land, hut is found by experience. The 

 same appearance of grass has more 

 proof, as it is called, in one place than 

 another. The bite may be very short 

 and the pasture appear bare, and yet 

 the value of it may be seen on the • 

 ribs of the cattle. Much of the skill 

 of a grazier consists in stocking his I 

 pastures to advantage. He should | 

 know the power of every portion of j 

 it, and stock it so that the grass may 

 not grow faster than it can be crop- i 

 ped by the cattle or sheep, and that i 

 the animals may always have the I 

 full quantity required. Every animal 

 wants a certain quantity of food to 

 repair the daily waste occasioned by 

 the animal functions. If he has no 

 more he makes no progress : the 

 more he can convert into flesh and 

 fat beyond this quantity in a given 

 time, the more profitable he will be. 

 Hence the superior qualities of some 

 animals with respect to this point in- 

 dicate the superiority of their breed, 

 and afford the greatest nett profit to 

 the grazier. In the same pasture, one 

 beast or sheep will give a reasonable 

 profit, while another may occasion an 

 actual loss. The adaptation of the 

 stock to the nature of the pasture is 

 consequently an object of the great- 

 est importance, and requires much 

 judgment and experience." — (^W. L. 

 Rham.) 



PATELLA. The knee pan. 

 PATENS, PATENT. Spreading. 

 PATHOGNO.MIC (from Tradoi;, a 

 disease, and yvuurj, opinion). Symp- 

 toms which are characteristic of a 

 disease. 



PATHOLOGY. A dissertation on 

 the effects of disease on the body. 



PAVILION. " In architecture, a 

 projecting apartment on the flank of 

 a building, usually higher than the 

 rest of it. Summer-houses in gar- 

 dens are sometimes called by this 

 name, but improperly. The term pa- 

 vilion is also used to signify a milita- 

 ry tent."' — [Branile). 



PAVING ORCHARDS. Some- 

 times practised about plum-trees to 



cut off the escape of the curculio. If 

 it is temporary, there can be no ob- 

 jection, but otherwise we are unable 

 to apply composts to the roots. It 

 is very effective against the curculio. 

 PEA. Pisum sativum. An annu- 

 al of the leguminous family. It is 

 supposed that the gray pea is the P. 

 arvcnse. Varieties : 



Early Ceilo NuUi, or Race Horse, 3 feet 

 Early Frame, 2 to 3 feet. 

 Early Wiirwjck, 3 feet. 

 Early Washington, 3 feet. 

 Early Charlti.n, 3 feet. 

 Double Blossom Frame, 3 feet. 

 Bishop'.s Early Dwarf, 2 feet. 

 Dwarf Prolific, or .Strawberry, 2 feet, 

 Dw.irf Spanish, or Fan, 1 to 2 feet. 

 Early Nimble Dick, S feet. 

 Dwarf Blue Imperial, 2 to 3 feet. 

 Waterloo Blue, 4 feet. 

 Groom's Dwarf Blue Prolific, 4 feet. 

 Dwarf Blue, Prussian, 2 to 3 feet. 

 Dwarf Marrowfat, 3 to 4 feet. 

 Lady's Finser .Marrows, 4 feet. 

 Matchless Marrowfat, 6 feet. 

 Knight's Tall Marrow, 6 feet. 

 Knight's Dwarf Marrow, 3 feet. 

 Woodford's Green Prolific, 6 feet. 

 Large Gray Rouucival, 4 feet. 

 Dwarf Sugar (eatable pods), 3 feet. 

 Tall Crooiced Pod Sugar, 6 feet. 

 French Bouquet, or Sugar, 3 to 4 feet. 

 Albany Field, several varieties. 



The time of sowing is early spring, 

 in drills four to six feet apart ; they 

 should be protected by straw, pine 

 brush, or similar substances. A sow- 

 ing may be made every two weeks 

 until the end of May ; a bushel will 

 plant an acre, and yield from fifty to 

 one hundred bushels of green peas. 

 The best soil is a deep, moderately 

 rich, clayey soil, containing some 

 amount of lime, or having been well 



j manured with it. They are usually 

 supported by sticks, but in field cul- 



I tare are allowed to grow on the 

 ground. They should be hoed sev- 

 eral times, and earthed up. A fall 

 crop can be obtained in the .Middle 

 States by sowing m a shady place 

 after the heat of summer is passing 

 away. 



The field is sown broad-cast at two 

 and a half bushels the acre ; the crop 

 is readily collected by a short scythe 

 and horse-rake. It should be done 

 while the haulm is of a yello%vish 

 green, or the peas scatter. The 

 haulm in this state is a very valua- 



659 



