pi:t 



PHA 



circular fibres, whereby tlieir contents 

 are pushed furward into the colon and 

 rectum. 



PERISTOMIUM. The fringed 

 membrane surrounding the capsule 

 of mosses. 



}'ER1T0\EU.M (from nEpneivu, I 

 extend around). The membrane which 

 envelops the organs of the abdomen ; 

 it is serous : its inflammation is call- 

 ed peritonitis. 



PERMEABLE. Permitting the 

 passage of fluids or gases. 



PERRY. The cider of pears. See 

 Pear, for the best fruit, and Cider, for 

 the method of making it. 



PERSIAN BERRIES. French 

 berries. 



P E R S I M M N. Plaqueminier. 

 Diospyros Yugmiana. A small tree 

 growing in open places in the Middle 

 and Southern sections. The fruit, 

 when frosted, is sweet, and is often 

 mashed and fermented into a beer. 

 The tree is dioecious, and of the same 

 genus as the ebony : the wood is 

 very hard. The green fruit is ex- 

 tremely astringent, and used in med- 

 icine. 



PERSONATE FLOWERS. Ir- 

 regular, monopetalous flowers like the 

 snapdragon {Antirrhinum), with an 

 upper and lower lobe, but with the 

 faux or throat closed : in this respect 

 it differs from the labiate corolla. 



PERSPIRATION. The function 

 of the skin whereby a saline fluid 

 with a little gaseous matter is thrown 

 out of the body. It is increased by 

 taking much lluid in summer ; and 

 the state of this excretion is closely 

 connected with health. 



PERUVIAN BARK. The bark 

 of several varieties of Cinchona trees 

 of Central and South America : they 

 furnish the invaluable alkaloid qui- 

 nine. 



PETALS. The divisions of the 

 flower : the leaves of the flower, usu- 

 ally of bright colours. Petaloid is a 

 derivative. 



PETIOLE. The leaf stalk. 



PETROLEUM. Barhadoes tar. 

 Natural bitumen. 



PETROSILEX. Hornstone, 

 sometimes compact feldspar. 

 572 



PL rUNTZE. Porcelain clay, de- 

 cayed feldspar. 



PHAGEDENIC. Corroding ulcers. 



PHALANGES. The small, long 

 bones of the fingers and toes. 



PHANEROGAMIA, PHANERO- 

 GAMOUS. Plants bearing flowers. 



PHARMACOPOEIA. An account 

 of the preparation of medicines. 



The following formulae for veteri- 

 nary practice have been compiled by 

 Loudon from the works of the most 

 eminent veterinary writers of the 

 present day ; and he confidently rec- 

 ommends the selection to the notice 

 of agriculturists, and the owners of 

 horses in general. It would be pru- 

 dent for such as have many horses, 

 and particularly for such as live at a 

 distance from the assistance of an able 

 veterinarian, to keep the more neces- 

 sary articles by them in case of emer- 

 gency : some venders of horse drugs 

 keep veterinary medicine chests; and 

 where the compositions can be de- 

 pended on, and the uncompounded 

 drugs are genuine and good, one of 

 these is a most convenient appendage 

 to every stable. 



" The veterinary pharmacopoeia for 

 oxen, calves, and sheep has been in- 

 cluded in the arrangement. When 

 any speciality occurs, or where dis- 

 tinct recipes are requisite, they have 

 been carefully noticed ; it will, there- 

 fore, only be necessary to be kept in 

 mind, that with the exception of acrid 

 substances, as mineral acids, &c., 

 which no cattle bear with equal im- 

 punity with the horse, the remedies 

 prescribed require about the follow- 

 ing proportions : A large ox will bear 

 the proportions of a moderate-sized 

 horse ; a moderate-sized cow some- 

 thing less ; a calf about a third of 

 the quantity ; and a sheep about a 

 quarter, or, at most, a third of the pro- 

 portions directed for the cow. It is 

 also to be remarked, that the degrees 

 in strength in the different recipes 

 are usually regulated by their num- 

 bers, the mildest standing first. 



Alteratives. 

 1. 

 Levig-ated antimony, 2 drachms. 

 Cream of tartar, 

 Flower of sulphur, each half an ounce. 



