POD 



POI 



lime compost used by Mr. Pell is very 

 serviceable. 



PLUMBAGO. Native carburet of 

 iron ; black-lead. 



PLUMULA. The leaf-like portion 

 of the embryo. 



PLUS. More : marked by the 

 sign -I- 



PLUTOXIC ROCKS. Unstratified 

 crj'stalline rocks, like granite, por- 

 phvry, basalt. 



PLUVIAMETER. The rain 

 gauge. 



PNEUMATICS. The science 

 which treats of the mechanical char- 

 acters of gases and vapours. 



PNEU.MATIC TROUGH. A 

 chemical utensil used for the collec- 

 tion of gases over water or fluids. 

 It consists of a vessel of tin or wood 

 containing water, in which is placed 

 one or more ledges, witliin two inch- 

 es of the surface. On the ledges the 

 jars which are to receive the gases 

 rest, and they are at first filled with 

 the fluid of the trough, but the gas 

 passing up into them from conduct- 

 ors, the fluid is displaced. 



PNEU.MONIA. Inflammation of 

 the substance of the lungs. 



PNEU.MO-THORAX. A collec- 

 tion of air in the cavity of the pleura. 

 POA. An extensive genus of val- 

 uable natural grasses, to which the 

 meadow grass, blue grass, and many 

 important species belong. The bo- 

 tanical characters of this genus are, 

 panicle loose ; spihdcts three or more 

 flowered, or even two-flowered, with 

 the pedicels of a greater number of 

 florets ; florets articulated with the 

 rachis ; palea two, nearly equal, awn- 

 less ; scales oval, acute, gibbous at the 

 base. See Grasses. 



POACHING. The treading of 

 cattle in wet meadows, in which they 

 leave their hoof marks. 



POCKET. A large bag of hops. 

 POD. Those of the pea and bean 

 are called legitmes ; those of the rad- 

 ish, mustard, and cruciferae are sil- 

 iques. 



PODENTIA. The stalk which 

 supports the fructification of some 

 lichens, as the reindeer moss. 



PODICEPS. A genus of palmipe- 



dine birds, in which the web of the 

 foot is not perfect. 



POIKILITIC. Variegated. In ge- 

 ology, the new red sandstone forma- 

 tion. 



POINTS OF LIVE STOCK. " The 

 first point to be ascertained in exam- 

 ining an o.x is the purity of its breed, 

 [whatever that breed may be. The 

 [ascertainment of the purity of the 

 breed will give the degree of the dis- 

 position to fatten in the individuals 

 of that breed. The purity of the 

 breed may be ascertained from sev- 

 eral marks. The colour or colours 

 of the skin of a pure breed of cattle, 

 whatever those colours are, are al- 

 ways definite. The colour of the 

 bald skin on the nose and around the 

 eyes in a pure breed is always defi- 

 nite and without spots. This last is 

 an essential point, ^^'hen horns ex- 

 ist, they should be smooth, small, ta- 

 pering, and sharp-pointed, long or 

 short, according to the breed, and of 

 a white colour throughout in some 

 breeds, and tipped with black in oth- 

 ers. The shape of the horn is a less 

 essential point than the colour. 



" The second point to be ascertain- 

 ed in an ox is the form of its carcass. 

 It is found, the nearer the section of 

 the carcass of a fat ox, taken longi- 

 tudinally vertical, transversely verti- 

 cal, and horizontally, approaches to 

 the figure of a parallelogram, the 

 greater quantity of flesh will it carry 

 within the same measurement. 



" These constitute the points which 

 are essential to a fat ox, and which 

 it is the business of the judge to 

 know, and by which he must antici- 

 pate whether the lean one, when fed, 

 would realize. The remaining points 

 are more applicable in judging of a 

 lean than a fat ox. 



" The first of the points in judging 

 of a lean ox is the nature of the bone. 

 A round, thick bone indicates both a 

 slow feeder and an inferior descrip- 

 tion of flesh. A flat bone, when seen 

 on a side view, and narrow when 

 viewed either from behind or before 

 the animal, indicates the opposite 

 properties of a round bone. The whole 

 bones in the carcass should bear a 



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