TIM 



TOB 



of another, as long as the land would 

 give a return for the labour. The 

 idea of tillage for the sake of a pcr- 

 niaiuMit improvement of the soil was 

 only entertained by a few men who 

 reflected, and that of encouraging the 

 vegetation while the crop was grow- 

 ing was not even thought of. The 

 plough to stir, and the harrows to 

 cover the seed, were the only instru- 

 ments in use, and they were very 

 rude of their kind." 



TILLER. The branching of stems 

 from the root. 



TILTH. The fineness and prep- 

 aration of the soil. See Tillage. 



TIMOTHY GRASS. Phkum 

 pralcnse. Meadow cat's-tail grass. 

 " This has been highly extolled by 

 many agriculturists for the profusion 

 of hay which it makes, and also for its 

 rapid growth when depastured. It is 

 but a coarse grass when allowed to 

 stand till it is fit for hay ; and in rainy 

 weather it too readily imbibes moist- 

 ure. It is said to give a very sweet 

 and early herbage for sheep in spring, 

 and, mixed with other grasses, is 

 found very useful in laying down 

 land to pasture for a few years. 



" The soil which suits timothy 

 grass best is a good, moist, and rather 

 stiff loam. On gravel it soon dies 

 off. It is scarcely to be recommend- 

 ed without a mixture of other grass- 

 es, although very heavy crops of it 

 have been grown ; and from its strong 

 stem when full grown, it should al- 

 ways be fed off when young, or cut 

 for soiling horses and cattle before 

 the stem lias acquired its full growth. 

 In rich land which is tired of clo- 

 ver, it may form a very good sub- 

 stitute, to cut up green and depasture 

 afterward." 



The seed is usually sown on 

 wheat in the spring, or it may be 

 sown with oats ; two pecks are 

 commonly used, but it is better to 

 use three pecks, or even a bushel 

 when other grasses are not used. 

 Clover and timothy do well together ; 

 eight pounds of clover and three 

 pecks of timothy seed may be used. 



TINCTURE. A solution in proof 

 alcohol ; the substance is usually cut 

 798 



or pounded, and allowed to remain 

 funrtrcn days, and then strained. 



TINE. A tooth or spike of a hai- 

 row, &.C. 



TIN MORDANT. The common 

 mordant is made of 8 parts of aqua- 

 fortis, 1 part connnon salt, or sal am- 

 moniac, and 1 part granulated tin. 



TISSUE. A membrane, or expan- 

 sion of a cellular structure in animals 

 or plants. 



TITHONTCITY. A new impon- 

 derable existing in sunlight, and pro- 

 ducing chemical changes. 



TOAD. Rana bujo {Bufo Ameri- 

 canus). A well-known batrachian, of 

 great use in the garden to devour in- 

 sects : it is perfectly harmless. 



TOADFLAX. Weeds of the ge- 

 nus Aiitirrhinum and Linaria : they 

 are usually perennial, and should be 

 extirpated. 



TOBACCO. Plants of the genus 

 Nicotiana, cultivated for smoking, and 

 of great service in medicine and gar- 

 dening ; in the latter, for the destruc- 

 tion of insects by smoking, infusion, 

 or snuff. Its activity as a sedative 

 poison arises from the presence of 

 nicotine, an oily base, which is pro- 

 duced during the curing of the leaves. 



Varieties. — The principal varieties 

 of tobacco in cultivation are the N. 

 tabacum {Fig. 1), or Virginian tobac- 

 Fig. 1. 



