TOI 



cient ; if too great, the volatile nico- 

 tin is driven out. Tlie object in cu- 

 ring is, therefore, in the tirst place, 

 to retain all the fat of the leaf, and 

 in the second, to get the largest quan- 

 tity of aromatic principle in the pre- 

 pared tobacco. 



Special Manures. — The analysis of 

 tobacco in Europe has brought to 

 light a remarkable fact, that the best 

 varieties contain much potash in their 

 ashes, and the inferior kinds most 

 lime. — {Pclouzc.) Now these bases in 

 tobacco can replace one another, and 

 the planter will produce lime tobac- 

 co in any soil in which that base is 

 more abundant. 



One hundred parts of the ashes of 

 leaf tobacco contain, according to 

 Fresenius and Will, 



Potash 30-67 



Lime and magnesia 33'36 



Sulphate of lime (gypsum) 5'60 



Cliloride of sodium (common salt) . . 5-95 



Phosphates 603 



Silica . 18-39 



lUJ-00 



From this, which is the examina- 

 tion of a good specimen, we learn 

 that the plants require not only pot- 

 ash and lime, but gypsum and salt : 

 the former is indeed added with great 

 effect in Virginia ; the latter is very 

 worthy of a trial ; one bushel to the 

 acre in a compost, applied to the 

 plants at the time of hoeing, or three 

 or four busiiels to the acre, would no 

 doubt show good effects. Where the 

 New- Jersey green sand, or the ashes 

 of oaks or hickories can be obtained, 

 the potash salts can be procured. In 

 the red clays of Virginia, an addition 

 of lime would unquestionably be ser- 

 viceable. By these means we meet 

 the demands of the plants for miner- 

 al matters ; but it is not to be over- 

 looked that nitrates of potash and am- 

 monia, as well as sal ammonia (_cMo- 

 ride). have been found in large quan- 

 tity in the juice : these are destroyed 

 by burning for the ash. Every kind 

 of animal offal and putrescent matter, 

 especially when composted into nitre 

 beds (see Xitre Beds), will therefore 

 be indicated as special manures. 



TOI.S E. Six French feet, equal to 

 6 33 English feet. 



TOR 



TOKAY. A luscious and spright- 

 ly wine made from the Tokay grape 

 when nearly dried into raisins. 



TOJjU. a balsam, from the My- 

 roxiflon toluifcrum of South America. 



TOMA'I'O. Solanum hjcopersicum. 

 An annual of the family Solanacece, 

 the fruit of which is much used as a 

 vegetable, preserve, and pickle. 



The seed is sown in March in a 

 iiot-bed, and the plants set out in May 

 along a fence, or near trellises where 

 they can be supported : place them 

 four feet distant. They are to be 

 hoed and weeded, and ripen in Au- 

 gust and September. There are four 

 principal varieties, the large red and 

 yellow, the pear-shaped, or fig, and 

 the cherry tomatoes, or small-sized. 

 The soil should be rich, dry, and well 

 exposed to the sun. 



TOMENTOSE. Covered with 

 downy hairs. 



T N. A weight of 20 cwt., or 

 2240 pounds. 



TONGUE. The soft, fleshy organ 

 of taste. It is covered by nerves and 

 blood-vessels. The salted and dried 

 tongues of deer and oxen are much- 

 esteemed delicacies. They are cured 

 like hams, but usually with more nitre. 



TONICS. Those medicines which 

 improve the general health and appe- 

 tite. They are commonly called bit- 

 ters. 



TONKA BEAN. The fruit of the 

 Diptcrix odorata, used to flavour snuff. 



TONSILS. Small glands situated 

 in the throat. 



TOP DRESSING. Applying ma- 

 nures to the surface of land, or to the 

 growing crop, grass, &c. Spring is 

 the proper time, but care should be 

 taken that the soil is not too much 

 pressed in carting. 



TORMENTIL. Potenlilla officina- 

 lis. An exotic with an astringent root. 



TORREFACTION. Roasting min- 

 eral bodies, usually under a red heat. 



TORTRICES. A tribe of noctur- 

 nal lepidoptera, the larvaj of most of 

 which conceal themselves by rolling 

 up leaves and living in the interior. 



TORUS. The end of the flower 

 branch on which the carpels are sit- 

 uated. 



803 



