TUF 



TUR 



include the labnim. labium, mandihula, j 

 viaxilUt, lingua, ami pharynx. 



TRUCK? A kindorwhecl-barrow. 



TRUFFLE. "A suhterraiu-an fun- 

 gus, of a roundisli. ohlong (brm, and 

 a blackish brown colour, much em- 

 ployed in cookery. It is found by 

 dogs and pigs, trained for the pur- 

 pose, in soil benealli trees, especially j 

 beeches and oaks ; it is, however, 

 very local. It is propagated by spores | 

 included in sinuous cliauibers ui the 

 interior ; but has never yet been cul- 

 tivated with success, notwithstand- 

 ing many attempts that have been 

 made. Botanists recognise several 

 kinds of trullles, the commonest be- 

 ing the Tuber nbanuni." — {Lindlcy.) 



TRUNCATED. With the smaller 

 parts cut off' or removed. 



TRUNCHEONS. Stout stems of 

 trees, with the branches lopped off lor 

 rapid growth. 



TR UNK. The shaft of a column ; 

 the body without extremities; the 

 large stem of a tree. In entomology, 

 the segment which lies between the 

 head and the abdomen. 



TRUSS. A bundle of hay or 

 straw: the truss of hay weighs 56 lbs., 

 of straw 36. A frame of timbers for 

 supporting a beam or piece. Any 

 bandage intended to sajiport a part 

 of the body, as in hernias. 



TUBE. A pipe. 



TUBER. In botany, a kind of 

 fleshy stem, formed under ground, 

 and filled with starch. It is com- 

 monly looked upon as a root, as in 

 the potato, but differs from roots in 

 having buds. 



TUBERCLE. A roundish tumour 

 of small size, and of the consistence 

 of cheese, found in diseased struc- 

 tures. 



TUCKAHOE. Indian loaf An 

 underground fungus, often two feet 

 deep, but sometimes partly exposed, 

 and from the size of a nut to a man's 

 head, roundish, and of a brown col- 

 our. It is the Lycoperdon solidus 

 of Clayton. When fresh, it is of an 

 acrid taste, but becomes eatable 

 when dry. 



TUFA. A volcanic rock, consist- 

 ing of cemented scoriaj. 

 SOS 



TUFO. A light, calcareous stone. 



TULIP. The genus TuUpa, con- 

 taining numerous ornamental spe- 

 cies : they are all bulbous. 



TULIP-TREE. Lirwdendron tic- 

 lipifera. White wood. It attains a 

 great size on fertile bottoms, meas- 

 uring even 150 feet in the Middle 

 States, with a trunk of sixty to eigh- 

 ty feet without branches. The flow- 

 ers are very attractive to bees and 

 other insects. The wood is white or 

 yellowish, and very soft ; it is much 

 used by cabinet-makers and in build- 

 ing, under the name of poplar. 



TUMBREL. A rough cart. 



T U M B R I L. A feeding trough 

 made of basket-work, or withes, set 

 coarse, so that many sheep can take 

 hay from it at the same time. 



TUMOUR. An unnatural enlarge- 

 ment. This term was formerly used 

 to express any swelling or enlarge- 

 ment, as that of an abscess, or from 

 a bruise ; but it is now more strictly 

 applied to enlargements of a more 

 permanent nature, in which a change 

 of structure takes place, or a new sub- 

 stance is produced, as fatty, fibrous, 

 or bony tumours, in which the swell- 

 ings are respectively formed of fatty, 

 fibrous, or osseous matters. These 

 being organic diseases, are not to be 

 treated by poulticing or lancing, and 

 seldom give way to any treatment 

 but an entire removal by the knife. 



TUN. A measure of 253 gallons, 

 or four hogsheads. 



TUNIC, TUNICA. A membrane 

 or coat covering an organ. 



TUPELO. The name given by 

 Michaux to several species of Nyssa, 

 or black gum. 



TURBINATE. Wliirled, and ol 

 a conical figure. 



TURF. " The sod which cov- 

 ers the surface of pastures. Tlie 

 word is often also applied to the 

 substance which is generally call- 

 ed peat. We shall here notice the 

 uses to which turf is applied, when 

 we mean a sod taken from the sur- 

 face on which some living plants are 

 still growing, or have lately done so. 

 Near extensive heaths which have 

 never been reclaimed, and in situa- 



