TUS 



ULC 



slices and fall below. The upright 

 position of the hopper constantly 

 brings down more of the veg;etal)les. 



In Gardner's imoroved machine, two are cut by the long knives. 

 Fi?. 1. 



spokes are set with knives at right 

 angles with the former, which split 

 the slices into small pieces as they 



Fig. 2. 



TURNSOL. Litmus. 



TURPENTINE. The resinous sap 

 of pine-trees, especially of the Pimcs 

 auslralis, the long-leaved or southern 

 pine, abounding in the sandy barrens 

 of the Southern States. It is pro- 

 cured by making an excavation in 

 winter of the size of about three 

 pints in the stem, near the ground ; 

 from the upper part of this the tur- 

 pentine exudes during spring, sum- 

 mer, and fall, and is received into 

 gourds or other vessels, and emptied 

 into barrels, which are exposed to dry, 

 and then headed and shipped. It is 

 a useful application to many wounds. 

 The otl, or spirit, is obtained by dis- 

 tilling crude turpentine with water ; 

 the spirit passes over, and common 

 rosin remains in the still. It is rec- 

 tified or redistilled for commerce. 



TUSSAC GRASS. Daclylis ccz- 

 spitosa. Falkland Island grass. A 

 large, sedgy grass, growing on the 

 seashore of those islands. It is very 

 nutritious and hardy, 150 acres fat- 

 tening 250 cattle and 70 horses du- 

 ring the winter. The grass grows to 

 a great height, and maintains its ver- 

 dure even in winter. Governor Moo- 

 dy of the islands found it would grow 

 on high and dry lanl if the stools 

 were set out in spring. It bears 

 Zzz 



three cuttings per annum ; is peren- 

 nial. If seed be sown, it requires 

 three vears to arrive at maturity. 



TUSSOCKS OF GRASS. Clumps 

 or hillocks of growing grass. 



TYMPANUM. The membrane of 

 the ear which receives the vibrations 

 of sound. 



TYPES. In chemistry, a certain 

 number of elements combined to- 

 gether, every one of which may be 

 replaced by another, and, indeed, ev- 

 ery one in its turn, the arrangement 

 of the elements in every case re- 

 maining always the same with re- 

 gard to each other, the type being 

 no precise compound, but tlie man- 

 ner of grouping. The new compounds 

 (as when chlorine replaces hydro- 

 gen) have often the same properties 

 as the original. 



TYPHUS. Continued fevers, at- 

 tended with great debility. They 

 arise from impure air, bad food, dec, 

 and are therefore often epidemic. 

 Typhoid fevers are those in which 

 there is a tendencv to great debility. 



TWITCH GRa'sS. Couch grass. 



U. 

 UDDER. The milk-secreting 

 gland of the cow. 

 ULCER. An open sore dischar- 



817 



