URINE. 



" The urine of the cmo has been an- 

 alyzed in several states by Sprengel, 



with the following results in 1000 

 parts : 



Fresh. 



Allowpii to ferment for four 

 weeks 111 llie oiieii air. 



Water 9262 



Urea 40-0 



Mucus 2'0 



llippuric aiid lactic acids o'l 



Carbonic acid ....... "o 



Ammonia 21 



I'olash 00 



Soda 5-5 



Sulphuric acid 40 



Phosphoric acid 0'7 



Chlorine 2'7 



Lime 0-6 



Magnesia 04 



Alumina, oxide of iron, and oxide of manganese . O'l 



Silica 1^ 



1000-0 



" The first variety of fermented 

 urine (A.) had stood four weeks in 

 the air in its natural state of dilution ; 

 the second (B.) had been mixed 

 while recent with an equal bulk of 

 water — which is again deducted from 

 it in the analysis — with the view of 

 ascertaining how far such an admix- 

 ture would tend to retain the volatile 

 ammonia produced by the natural de- 

 composition of the urea. 



" An inspection of these tables 

 shows three facts of importance to 

 the agriculturist : 



1°. Tliat the quantity of urea in 

 the urine of the cow is considerably 

 greater than in that of man. 2". 

 'I'hat as the urine ferments the quan- 

 tity of urea diminishes, while that of 

 animonia increases ; and, 3^. That 

 by dilution with an equal bulk of wa- 

 ter the loss of this carbonate of am- 

 monia, which would otherwise natu- 

 rally take place, is in a considerable 

 degree prevented. The qiuintity of 

 ammonia retained by the urine, after 

 ^dilution, was in the same circumstances 

 nearly three times as great as when it 

 was allowed to ferment in the state in 

 tohich It came from the cow. 



" But even by this dilution the 

 whole of the ammonia is not saved. 

 This shows the necessity of causing 

 our liquid manures to ferment in cov- 

 ered cisterns, or of adopting some 

 other means by which the above seri- 

 ous loss of the most valuable constit- 

 uents may be prevented. 



" The urine of the horse, sheep, and 

 822 



Pis- 



9'2() 



56 



13 



1000 



pig have not been so carefully ana- 

 lyzed as that of the cow. They con- 

 sist essentially of the same constitu- 

 ents, and the specimens which have 

 been examined were found to contain 

 the three most important of these in 

 the following proportions : 



H ori^e. Sheep. 



Water .... 940 960 



Urea 7? 28 



Saline substances . 53 12 



1000 lOUO 



" Some of the saline substances 

 present in the urine, as above stated, 

 contain nitrogen. This is especially 

 the case in the urine of the horse, so 

 that the quantity of urea above given 

 is not to be considered as represent- 

 ing the true ammonia-producing pow- 

 er of the urine of this animal. The 

 urine of the pig, if the above analysis 

 is to be relied upon as anything like 

 an average result, is capable of pro- 

 ducing move anunonia from the same 

 quantity than that of any other of our 

 domestic animals. 



" Of the Waste of Liquid Manure — 

 of Urate, and of Sulphatrd Urine. 

 Waste of Human Urine. — The quan- 

 tity of solid matter contained in the 

 recent urine voided in a year by a 

 man, a horse, and a cow, and the 

 weight of ammonia they are respect- 

 ively capable of yielding, may be rep- 

 resented as follows : 



Quantity 

 ut' unne. 



1,000 lbs. 

 1,000 



Man . 

 Horse 

 Cow . 13,000 



Solid 

 matter. 



67 lbs. 

 60 

 900 



Containing 

 of urea. 



And yield- 

 ing of am- 

 monia. 

 30 lbs. 17 lbs. 



? ? 



400 230 



