WHE 



WHI 



carriages. If the radius exceeds the 

 height of that part of the horse to 

 which the traces are attached, the 

 line of traction will he inclined to the 

 horizon, and part of the power will 

 be exerted in pressing tiie wheel 

 against the ground. The hest aver- 

 age size of wheels is considered to 

 be about six feet in diameter. The 

 fore wheels of carriages and wagons 

 in this country are usually inuch too 

 small. 



" Cylindrical wheels are best adapt- 

 ed for level roads ; and the breadth 

 of the rim should be considerable (not 

 less than three inches), to prevent 

 their sinking into the ground. In 

 hilly and uneven roads a slight incli- 

 nation of the spokes, called dishing; 

 tends to give strength to the wheel ; 

 but it is very frequently carried to 

 excess." 



" Carriages with four wheels are 

 much more advantageous than car- 

 riages with two wheels, as carts ; for 

 with two wheels, it is plain the tiller 

 horse carries part of the weight in 

 one way or other ; in going down hill 

 tlie weight bears upon the horse, and 

 in going up hill the weight falls the 

 other wa}* and lifts the horse, which 

 is still worse. Besides, as the wheels 

 sink into the holes in the roads, some- 

 times on one side, sometimes on the 

 other, the shafts strike against the 

 horse's sides, which destroys many 

 animals ; moreover, when one of the 

 wheels sinks into a hole or rut, half 

 the weight falls that way, which en- 

 dangers the overturning of the car- 

 riage." 



Mr. Scripture, of New-York, has 

 recently patented a carriage wheel 

 which promises well. It is furnished 

 with two separate hubs, which can 

 be screwed together ; by this means 

 the pressure of the spokes on the fel- 

 loes and tire is easily regulated, and 

 the tire can neither become bound 

 nor so loose as to want cutting. 



WHEEL-SHAPED COROLLA. 

 A rotate corolla : it is monopetalous, 

 with a spreading border and very 

 short tube. 



WHEEL WORK. A combination 

 of wheels for the purpose of increas- 

 862 



ing speed or gaining power. Motion 

 is communicated from the circumfe- 

 rence of one wheel to the axis or pin- 

 ion of another by teeth, belts, or oc- 

 casionally by friction. The teeth of 

 all the wheels and pinions in the 

 work must be of the same size ; they 

 should also be smooth on their surfa- 

 ces, and curved gradually to the sum- 

 mit to diminish friction. " Toothed 

 wheels are of three kinds : sjnir 

 wheels, crown irheels, and bevelled 

 wheels. When the teeth are raised 

 upon the edge of the wheel, or are 

 perpendicular to the axis, the wheel 

 is a spur wheel ; when they are rais- 

 ed parallel to the a.xis, or perpendic- 

 ular to the plane of the wheel, it is a 

 crown wheel ; and when they are 

 raised on a surface inclined to the 

 plane of the wheel, it is called a bev- 

 elled wheel. The combination of a 

 crown wheel, with a spur wheel as 

 pinion, is used when it is required to 

 communicate motion round one axis 

 to another at right angles to it." 



WHEEZIAG IN HORSES. 

 Broken wind. 



WHELP. The voung of the dog. 



WHETHERING. Retention of 

 the after-birth in cows. It should be 

 removed by hand if retained too long, 

 as the decomposition of the substance 

 will otherwise destroy the animal. 



WHETSTONE. A silicious slate 

 used for whetting implements. 



WHEY. The watery parts of 

 milk containing the sugar of milk, 

 with a little casein and saline mat- 

 ters. It is fermentable, and made 

 by some of the Asiatics into an in- 

 toxicating drink. In the dairy there 

 are two kinds of whey ; that which 

 is clear and separates from the milk 

 when rennet is added, and that which 

 is pressed out from the curd. The 

 latter is white, and used to make 

 whey butter or cottage cheese. See 

 Butter. Whey is used for feeding 

 hogs, and given in Scotland even to 

 horses. 



WHEY BUTTER. See Butter. 



WHIN. Gorse. See Furze. 



WHINSTONE. A kind of basalt. 



WHIP GRAFTING. Tongue 

 grafting. See Grafting. 



