WIN 



WIN 



WIND FLOWER. Anemone Vir- 

 giniana. A wood flower. 



WIND GAUGE. See Anemometer. 



WIND IN HORSES. Respira- 

 tion. See Broken Wiiid. 



WIND GALLS. Small tumours 

 near the fetlocks of horses, produced 

 by strains and over-driving : they 

 contain a serous fluid. The animal 

 should have rest : astringent lotions 

 may be used, and a bandage applied 

 very light. If they do not disappear, 

 a little blistering ointment may be 

 applied near them. 



WINDLASS. .\ simple mechani- 

 cal contrivance, of the wheel and axle 

 kind, the winch, DOB, being the 

 representative of the wheel {Fig.). 

 c 



GliH 



In heavy windlasses, as those em- 

 ployed on shipboard, the axis is large, 

 and moved by levers inserted into 

 mortices cut into it at convenient 

 distances. A strong windlass, made 

 by taking the trunk of a tree for the 

 axis, and adjusting it lengthwise 

 against the stems of two trees, might 

 be used in tearing up stumps. This 

 axis siiould be pierced with mortices 

 and turned with handspikes ; it should 

 also be furnished with ratchets (pauls) 

 or wedges, to hinder it from turning 

 backward when the handspikes are 

 out. A strong chain made fast in the 

 slump, and to the windlass, will af- 

 ford a means of acting upon the for- 

 mer, and, by cutting the longest roots 

 at a little distance, it may be drawn 

 out sufficiently to permit the use of 

 the plough. 



WINDMILL. "In mechanics, a 

 mill which receives its motion from 

 the wind. The building containing 

 the machinery is usually circular. To 

 the extremity of the principal axis, or 

 wind shaft, are attached rectangular 

 frames (generally five), on which 

 canvass is usually stretc-hed to form 

 the sails The surfaces of the sails 



i D 



are not perpendicular to the axis, but 

 inclined to it at a certain angle, about 

 72° at the e.xtremities nearest to the 

 axle, and 83° at the farther extremi- 

 ties ; so that their form is in some 

 degree twisted, and different from a 



; plane surface. The wind-shal't is in- 

 clined to the horizon in an angle of 

 from 8° to 15", principally with a 

 view to allow room for the action of 

 the wind at the lower part, where it 



j would be weakened if the sails came 



I too nearly in contact with the build- 



' ing. 



" .^s the direction of the wind is 

 constantly changing, some apparatus 

 is required for bringing the a.xle and 

 sails into their proper position. This 

 is sometimes effected by supporting 

 the machinery on a strong vertical 

 axis, the pivot of which moves in a 

 socket firmly fixed in the ground, so 

 that the whole structure may be turn- 

 ed round by a lever. But it is now 

 usual to construct the building with 

 a moveable roof, which revolves upon 

 friction rollers ; and the shaft, being 

 fixed in the roof, is brought round 

 along with it. The roof is brought 

 into the required position by means 

 of a small vane wheel, furnished with 

 wind sails, which turns round when 

 the wind strikes on either side of it, 

 and drives a pinion which works into 

 the teeth of a large crown wheel 

 connected with and surrounding the 

 moveable roof." 



This is the vertical windmill, but 

 sometimes the sails are fixed on a 

 horizontal axis. Windmills are sel- 

 dom made because of their inferiority 

 to water and horse, or steam power 

 mills. The internal machinery is the 

 same as that of the water-mill. 



WINDROW. A line or rovr of 



grass, peat, or produce exposed to 



dry. The unlilled borders of a field. 



WINE. See Vine. 



WINE STONE. Crude tartar, 



argal. 



WINGS. Alee. In botany, the 



side petals of pea-like flowers, the 



membranous expansions of the seeds 



of the ash, alanthus, parsnip, and oth- 



I er seeds. 



1 WINLESTRAWS. Bents, the 



865 



