YEL 



YEL 



An indigenous perennial climbing 

 plant, of the same genus as tlie yam. 



YARD DUNG. Farmyard ma- 

 nure. 



YARD OF LAND. A measure 

 varying from 15 to 34 acres. 



YARROW. The genus Achillea. 

 Bitter, aromatic weeds, of the com- 

 posite family. They are wholesome, 

 and are found in good pastures, es- 

 pecially .-1. millefolium, common yar- 

 row. They have been recommended 

 for cultivation. 



YEARLINGS. Calves and other 

 stock one year old. 



YEAST, BAR.M. The substance 

 produced during the vinous ferment- 

 ation of vegetable juices and decoc- 

 tions, rising partly to the surface, in 

 the form of a frothy, flocculcnt, and 

 somewhat viscid matter, insoluble in 

 water and alcohol, and gradually pu- 

 trefying in a warm atmosphere. It 

 excites fermentation, and accelerates 

 the process when added to saccha- 

 rine liquors. It is changed gluten 

 and other protein compounds in in- 

 cipient decomposition. 



Artificial yeast, or that made with- 

 out recourse to the introduction of a 

 portion of yeast, is very important in 

 iamilies. The following recipe gives 

 a good yeast: Boil a handful of hops 

 in three pints of water ; add three 

 mashed boiled potatoes, strain, and 

 mix with a cupful of flour; set aside 

 to cool, and then add a tea-spoonful 

 of sugar, and bottle up for use. A 

 more permanent ferment is made by 

 boiling a quantity of wheat bran and 

 hops in water ; the decoction is not 

 long in fermenting, and when this 

 has taken place, throw in a sufficient 

 portion of bran to form the whole into 

 a thick paste, which work into balls, 

 and afterward dry by a slow heat. 

 When wanted for use, they are bro- 

 ken, and boiling water is poured upon 

 them ; having stood a proper time, 

 the fluid is decanted, and m a lit state 

 for leavening bread. In the place of 

 bran, Indian corn meal may be used, 

 if a little of a previous ferment be 

 broken up in th(j mass. 



YELLOW DYES. Persian ber- 

 ries, weld, quercitron bark, fustic, 



turmeric, dyer's broom, annotta, wil- 

 low leaves, berberry roots, are the 

 principal vegetable dyes. Chrome 

 yellow, oxide of iron, sulphurets of 

 antimony and arsenic, and nitric acid 

 are obtained from the mineral king- 

 dom. Solutions of alum and tin are 

 used as mordants. 



YELLOW FEVER. A bilious re- 

 mittent fever of a malignant kind. 

 It attacks animals as well as men, 

 but does not so readily destroy them. 

 Large doses of calomel, with bleed- 

 ing, in the earliest stages, form the 

 best treatment ; but in the later sta- 

 ges the system is often so prostrated 

 that it requires sustenance from spir- 

 ituous liquors and carbonate of am- 

 monia. 



YELLOW RATTLE. The weed 

 R hi 71 a 71 1 h Its r ristaga Hi . 



YELLOWS. Jaundice, irritation 

 of the liver, attended with a yellow- 

 ness of the eyeballs. A calomel 

 purge is necessary, and bleeding, if 

 there be fever. 



YELLOWS IN TREES. This, 

 which is called a disease of trees, is 

 only an effect produced by different 

 causes, such as plant lice, worms at 

 the root or in the bark, and improper 

 soils. The leaves turn yellow, and nu- 

 trition being cut off, they usually die. 

 Whenever this symptom is seen du- 

 ring early summer, the tree should 

 be thoroughly examined, to ascertain 

 the cause, and treated accordingly. 

 Scraping the bark, making an incis- 

 ion from the branches to the root, and 

 washing the stem, root, and large 

 branches with solution of whale-oil 

 soap may be found serviceable. Plant 

 lice are to be smoked with tabacco. 

 See Plant Lice, Borers, and Scale In- 

 sects. Peach trees are very liable to 

 this ailment in the Northern Slates. 



YELLOW SEED. The weed 

 Thlaspi campestrc, false flax, mithri- 

 date mustard, a cruciferous annual 

 with mustard-flavoured pods, which 

 abounds in flax tiolds, and i-s very 

 tnuiblesome. It can only be avoided j 

 by screening the flax seed carefully, 

 and omitting the cultivation of flax 

 for a season, introducing cleaning or 

 hoed crops iustead. 



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