272 APPENDIX. 



MISCIBLE OILS. 



Step 1. Preparation of the emulsifier — In preparing the emul- 

 sifier an iron kettle provided with a board cover and a thermom- 

 eter should be used. The formula for the emulsifier is as fol- 

 lows: 



Menhaden oil 10 gallons 



Carbolic acid 8 gallons 



Caustic potash 15 pounds 



This is heated to 290° or 300° F. and then the following are 

 added : 



Kerosene 2 gallons 



Water 2 gallons 



The kerosene is added while the mixture is at the high tem- 

 perature, but the water must not be added until the mixture has 

 cooled below the boiling point. 



Step 2. Mixing the emulsifier and the oils — No heat is re- 

 quired in the mixing of the emulsifier with petroleum or other 

 oils. The emulsifier may be used with kerosene or with crude 

 petroleum, with or without the addition of resin or other oils. 

 The following is easily made and is efficient as a spray while 

 trees are dormant : 



Emulsifier 3 2-3 gallons 



ParafFm oil 40 gallons 



Resin oil 6 gallons 



Sufficient water to give a ready emulsion. 



From 3 to 5 gallons of the miscible oil are used to make 50 

 gallons of spray. 



TOBACCO SOLUTION. 



Tobacco solutions must be strong in order to make an effective 

 spray. One nound of tobacco should be steeped in each gallon 

 of water. This solution is effective as a spray against aphides 

 and thrips. 



LIME-SULPHUR SPRAY CALENDAR FOR APPLES. 



The first spraying for San Jose scale and other pests should 

 be made while the buds are dormant with full strength lime- 

 sulphur wash (1 Dart to 9) ; the second when the leaf buds un- 

 fokV but with dilute wash (1 to 33). Subsequent sprayingsthe 

 same as with bordeaux mixture. All sprayings of the foliage 

 should be with dilute wash. 



