ARISTOTLE. 157 



extracted by Gellius from the book of the very Andronicus whom this 

 tale represents as the first publisher of these, and therefore proves his 

 belief at any rate that some of them had been published long before. 1 



This evidence seems to prove incontrovertibly that the part of 

 Strabo's and Plutarch's narrative which relates to the extraordinary 

 treasure first made available by Andronicus, cannot be true. By an- 

 other chain of testimony, equally elaborate, Brandis has shown that 

 many of the works of Aristotle,, of the highest and most recondite 

 character, that we now possess, were actually in the hands of the Peripa- Aristotle's 

 tetic school, whose degeneracy has been attributed to the loss of them, known to the 

 It is well known that the successors of the great philosopher in several ^[^ Peripa " 

 instances composed works on the same subject (and sometimes identical 

 in title also), with existing treatises of their founder. 2 For, indeed, the 

 spirit of dogmatism, which is often imputed to the Aristotelian philo- 

 sophy by persons who are only acquainted with the schoolmen's 

 modifications of it in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, is really so 

 alien to it, that it would be difficult to find in the history of civiliza- 

 tion an example of a more vigorous and healthy independence of 

 thought, and a greater ardour for investigation than is afforded by the . 

 earlier disciples of the Lyceum. 3 Although the works in question 

 have long since been lost, Brandis has succeeded in eliciting from the 

 notices which remain of them in the commentators we have referred 

 to, very many particulars, which show in some instances that the 

 author actually followed the course of the Aristotelian parallel work, 

 and in more, that he made use of it. Under the first of these two 

 classes are brought, by decisive arguments, the ' Physical Lectures' 

 and the first book of the ' Former Analytics ;' and there is a consider- 

 able probability that the second book of the ' Former Analytics' and 

 the fifth of the ' Metaphysics ' may be added to these. 4 Under the 

 second we may number the ' Latter Analytics,' the ' Categories,' per- 

 haps the treatise Trepi epjurjve/ae, the ' Topica,' the treatises ' On the 

 Heavens,' * On Growth and Corruption,' ' On the Soul,' and Jthe ' Me- 



1 Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att. xx. 5. 



2 Ammonius, Proem, ad Categor. of yap /j.a6-f]Tai avrov ''EvSii/j.os Kal Qavias Kal 

 e6(ppa<TTOS Kara ri\ov rov SiSacrndhov yeypa<p'f)Kao'i KaTyyopias Kal ire pi 

 ep/iiji/etas Kal avaXvr I/CTJJ/. 



8 Aristotle himself is especially noticed for having modified some of his views, 

 which had been attacked by other philosophers, with perfect readiness, and without 

 attempting any vexatious resistance or exhibiting any annoyance : et/ia TUV irp6ffQev 

 avTots (besides Aristotle, Democritus and Chrysippus are spoken of), apeo'/ctWcoi' 

 a.Qopvfi(as Kal aS^/crwy /cat [uttf ^Soi/fjs ufytiaav . (Plutarch, De Virtute Moiali, 

 p. 448.) This passage will serve to show how little Bacon's well-known represen- 

 tation of him as one who " bore, like the Turk, no brother near the throne," is 

 founded on fact. But, in truth, the great father of modern science imputed to 

 Aristotle all the positiveness and dogmatism of the modern Aristotelians : his dis- 

 gust at the idolaters was extended to the object of their idolatry. Somewhat simi- 

 larly, he confuses the practice of the later Peripatetics (oi 6e<reis \rjKv6 i^ovrcs) with 

 that of their founder. Novum Organum, lib. i. sec. 71. 



4 Brandis, pp. 266269, 281, 282. 



