172 GREEK PHILOSOPHY. 



fulness of these procured their preservation after they were recovered, 

 while many others of the same kind, but yet further removed from 

 completeness, were suffered to perish. 



Literary We will conclude this memoir by a brief literary notice of the works 



"Sting * ie published under the name of Aristotle, in the order in which they are 

 writings of given in the edition of the Berlin Academy. 



Aristotle. r T /f~t_ / / t * ' 



I. Lategones. (mrf/ycpm, or jcan/yopmi Trept T&V dtKo. yeriKw- 



TCLT<I)V yvwi>.) The genuineness of this work was much disputed in 

 the time of the old commentators. Adrastus found a work on the 

 same subject, bearing the name of Aristotle, and, singularly enough, 

 consisting of exactly the same number of lines. It was, however, de- 

 termined to be genuine by them, with the exception of the last part, 

 which treats on what the Latin logicians term the ' Postpragdicamenta.' 

 This extends from the tenth chapter to the end. The work of Harris, 

 called ' Philosophical Arrangements,' is an exposition, very much in 

 the manner of the old commentators, of this treatise. A short but 

 most masterly critique on it will be found in Kant's * Kritik der reinen 

 Vernunft,' p. 79. Adrastus wished to call the work ra Trpo ru>v 

 roTrtjcwj/, considering it as merely an introduction to the ' Topics,' a 

 proposition which Porphyry disapproves of. 



II. On Interpretation, (jrepl ep/ir/veme.) A philosophical treatise 

 on grammar, as far as relates to the nature of nouns and verbs. Some 

 of the old commentators from its obscurity imagined it to be a mere 

 collection of notes, and Andronicus considered it not to be Aristotle's. 

 Alexander of Aphrodisias, however, and Ammonius, prove it to be 

 his, and to have been used by Theophrastus in a treatise of the same 

 name which he wrote. 



III. Former Analytics, (i. n.) Latter Analytics, (i. n.) (avaXvrt/ca 

 Trporepa, ava\vm*a iWfpa.) Of the former of these treatises the 

 true and ancient title was Trept o-vXXoyioyiov, and that of the latter 

 7Tpt a7roc)aW. The old commentators found forty books on this 

 subject, professedly by Aristotle, and determined on the genuineness 

 of these only, rejecting all the rest. Their subject is that which in 

 modern times is especially termed logic, but would be more properly 

 called dialectics, that is, an examination of the possible forms in 

 which an assertion may be made, and a conclusion established. 



Theophrastus, Eudemus, and Phanias, scholars of Aristotle, wrote 

 treatises on the same subjects as these three of their master, and called 

 by the same name, a circumstance which probably had some con- 

 nexion with the number of ' Analytics' ascribed to him. 



IV. Topics, (i. n. m. iv. v. vi. vn. vin.) (roTrtm.) An analysis 

 of the different heads from which demonstrative arguments may 

 be brought. It was considered by the ancient commentators as the 

 easiest of all Aristotle's systematic works. The Romans, however, 

 as Cicero tells us in the preface to his work of the same name, found 

 it so difficult as to be repelled by it, although he himself praises it no 

 less for its language than for its scientific merits. His own work is 



