48 Horses on Board Ship. 



the horses which occupy these stalls, during 

 hot weather. Also, these pipes often leak. 



A steam ventilator or an electric ventilator 

 usually consists of a vertical iron tube, inside 

 the upper end of which there is a fan that 

 can be employed for promoting either an 

 ascending or a descending current of air ; the 

 former being, as a rule, much the better 

 ventilating method. The tube, which is 

 from 20 to 36 inches in diameter, projects 

 above the exposed deck, through which it 

 passes, and extends in a vertical direction 

 below. At its full length, it passes through 

 the lowest deck but one, and can then be 



used to ventilate the lowest deck. By 

 shortening this tube, we can make it venti- 

 late any deck above the lowest deck, and 

 below he exposed deck. These exhaust fans 



